Table 2.
Summary of data extraction. Brief summary of all studies including in this systematic review with meta-analysis
| Study | Theme | Sample size (n) | Sex | Age (y) | Intervention groups/duration (sessions/week) | Volume equated | Training status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lacerda et al. 2020 [17] | A | 10 | M | 23.7 ± 4.9 |
Failure: 3–4 sets × n reps (50–60% 1-RM) Non-failure: 3–4 sets × n reps (50–60% 1-RM) → 14 weeks (2–3/week) |
Yes | UT |
| Lasevicius et al. 2019 [20] | A | 25 | M | 24 ± 4.9 |
Failure 1: 3 sets × n reps (80% 1-RM) Failure 2: 3 sets × n reps (30% 1-RM) Non-failure 1: ~ 5 sets × n reps (80% 1-RM) Non-failure 2: ~ 5 sets × n reps (30% 1-RM) → 8 weeks (2/week) |
Yes | UT |
| Martorelli et al. 2017 [18] | A | 89 | F | 21.9 ± 3.3 |
Failure: 3 sets × n reps (70% 1-RM) Non-failure 1: 4 sets × 7 reps (70% 1-RM) Non-failure 2: 3 sets × 7 reps (70% 1-RM) → 10 weeks (2/week) |
Yes No |
UT |
| Nobrega et al. 2018 [19] | A | 32 | M | 23 ± 3.6 |
Failure 1: 3 sets × n reps (80% 1-RM) Failure 2: 3 sets × n reps (30% 1-RM) Non-failure 1: 3 sets × n reps to VI (80% 1-RM) Non-failure 2: 3 sets × n reps to VI (30% 1-RM) → 12 weeks (2/week) |
Yes | UT |
| Santanielo et al. 2020 [13] | A | 14 | M | 23.1 ± 2.2 |
Failure: n sets × n reps (75% 1-RM) Non-failure: n sets × n reps to VI (75% 1-RM) |
No | T |
| Bergamasco et al. 2020 [12] | B | 41 | M/F | 65.5 ± 4.5 |
Failure: 3 sets × n reps (40% 1-RM) Non-failure 1: 3 sets × n reps to VI (40% 1-RM) Non-failure 2: 3 sets × 10 reps (40% 1-RM) → 12 weeks (2/week) |
No | UT |
| Karsten et al. 2021 [21] | B | 18 | M | 23.5 ± 4.5 |
Failure: 4 sets × 10-RM (75% 1-RM) Non-failure: 8 sets × 5 reps (75% 1-RM) → 6 weeks (2/week) |
Yes | T |
| Sampson et al. 2016 [22] | B | 28 | M | 23.8 ± 6.6 |
Failure: 4 sets × 6 reps (85% 1-RM) Non-failure 1: 4 sets × 4 reps (85% 1-RM) Non-failure 2: 4 sets × 4 reps (85% 1-RM) → 12 weeks (3/week) |
No | UT |
| Terada et al. 2021 [11] | B | 27 | M | 20.03 ± 0.8 |
Failure: 3 sets × n reps to VF (40% 1-RM) Non-failure: 3 sets × 20% VeL (40% 1-RM) → 8 weeks (2/week) |
Yes | UT |
| Andersen et al. 2021 [14] | C | 10 | M/F | 23.0 ± 4.3 |
High VeL: 2–3 sets × 30% VeL (75–80% 1-RM) Low VeL: 4–6 sets × 15% VeL (75–80% 1-RM) → 9 weeks (2/week) |
Yes | T |
| Pareja-Blanco et al. 2017 [25] | C | 24 | M | 22.7 ± 1.9 |
High VeL: 3 sets × 40% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) Mod VeL: 3 sets × 20% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) → 8 weeks (2/week) |
No | T |
| Pareja-Blanco et al. 2020 [24] | C | 64 | M | 24.1 ± 4.3 |
High VeL: 3 sets × 40% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) Mod VeL: 3 sets × 20% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) Low VeL: 3 sets × 10% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) Low VeL: 3 sets × 0% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) → 8 weeks (2/week) |
No | T |
| Pareja-Blanco et al. 2020 [23] | C | 64 | M | 24.1 ± 4.3 |
High VeL: 3 sets × 50% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) Mod VeL: 3 sets × 25% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) Low VeL: 3 sets × 15% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) Low VeL: 3 sets × 0% VeL (70–85% 1-RM) → 8 weeks (2/week) |
No | T |
| Rissanen et al. 2022 [15] | C | 45 | M/F | 25.95 ± 3.85 |
High VeL: 2–5 sets × 40% VeL (65–75% 1-RM) Mod VeL: 2–5 sets × 20% VeL (65–75% 1-RM) → 8 weeks (2/week) |
No | T |
| Rodiles-Guerrero et al. 2022 [16] | C | 50 | M | 23.3 ± 3.3 |
High VeL: 3 sets × 50% VeL (55–70% 1-RM) Mod VeL: 3 sets × 25% VeL (55–70% 1-RM) Low VeL: 3 sets × 15% VeL (55–70% 1-RM) Low VeL: 3 sets × 0% VeL (55–70% 1-RM) → 8 weeks (2/week) |
No | T |
Studies were grouped into broad themes that involved resistance training performed to Theme A momentary muscular failure versus non-failure, Theme B set failure (defined as anything other than momentary muscular failure) versus non-failure or Theme C different velocity loss thresholds
F female, M male, reps repetitions, RM repetition maximum, T trained, UT untrained, VeL velocity loss, VF volitional failure, VI volitional interruption, y years