Table 3.

Influence of volume load and relative load on muscle hypertrophy outcomes in response to resistance training performed to set failure versus non-failure

Sub-group analysis	Classification	ES (95% CI)	p-value
Volume load	Volume equated	0.20 (− 0.03, 0.43)	0.09
	Not volume equated	0.17 (− 0.13, 0.47)	0.27
Relative load	Higher load (> 50% 1-RM)	0.15 (− 0.07, 0.37)	0.18
	Lower load (≤ 50% 1-RM)	0.28 (− 0.06, 0.62)	0.11

Data shown are presented as a standardised ES estimate (signifying the standardised mean difference between set failure and non-failure conditions) with 95% CI and associated p-value. Positive ES values favour resistance training performed to set failure versus non-failure

CI confidence interval, ES effect size, RM repetition maximum