Table 2.

Summary of studies demonstrating physiological or performance factors that correlate with critical power (CP)

Study	Population	Mode	Correlation details	CP determination method
Neder et al. [34]	HM (10) and COPDM (8)	Upright cycling	CP (W) correlated with ${\mathrm{MRT}}_{\dot{V}\mathrm{O}2}$ (s) during severe-intensity exercise in MH (r =  − 0.65) but not MCOPD	4CWR
Murgatroyd et al. [14]	HM (14)	Upright cycling	CP (W) correlated with ${\tau }_{\dot{V}\mathrm{O}2}$ (s) during severe-intensity exercise (r =  − 0.95)	4CWR
Black et al. [13]	ETM (10)	Upright cycling	CP (W) correlated with 10-mile TT performance (min) (r =  − 0.83)	3MT
Vanhatalo et al. [31]	HM (4) HF (4)	Upright cycling	CP (W) correlated with %type 1 fibre (r = 0.67)	3MT
Goulding et al. [114]	HM (10)	Upright cycling	CP (W kg−1) correlated with ${\tau }_{\dot{V}\mathrm{O}2}$ (s) during heavy-intensity exercise (r =  − 0.80)	4CWR
Byrd et al. [177]	ATM (15)	Upright cycling	CP (W) correlated with LBM (kg) (r = 0.59)	3MT
Goulding et al. [130]	HM (7)	Upright cycling	CP (W kg−1) correlated with ${\tau }_{\dot{V}\mathrm{O}2}$ (s) during moderate-intensity exercise (r =  − 0.95)	4CWR
Mitchell et al. [86]	ETM (14)	Upright cycling	CP (W) correlated with: %type 1 fibre (r = 0.79), no. of capillary contacts in type 1 (r = 0.94) and type 2 (r = 0.68) fibres, capillary:fibre (r = 0.88)	3–4CWR
Goulding et al. [131]	HM (9)	Upright cycling	CP (W kg−1) correlated with ${\tau }_{\dot{V}\mathrm{O}2}$ (s) during moderate-intensity exercise (r =  − 0.92)	4CWR
Smyth and Muniz-Pamares [28]	HM and HF (31,190)	Running	CS (m s−1) correlated with marathon time (min) (r =  − 0.83)	3TT
Collins et al. [176]	HM (11) HF (11)	Upright cycling	CP (W) correlated with: $\dot{V}$O2max (mL min−1) (r = 0.96), Ppeak (W) (r = 0.97), Pmax (W) (r = 0.84), Leg LBM (kg)) (r = 0.81) CP (W kg−1) correlated with: $\dot{V}$O2max (mL min−1 kg−1) (r = 0.85), Ppeak (W kg−1) (r = 0.89), Pmax (W kg−1) (r = 0.52)	3–6CWR

Population: COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ET endurance trained, F female, M male, H healthy, n number of participants

Correlation details: ${\tau }_{\dot{V}\mathrm{O}2}$ time constant of $\dot{V}$O₂ kinetics, LBM lean body mass, ${\mathrm{MRT}}_{\dot{V}\mathrm{O}2}$ mean response time of $\dot{V}$O_2, P_max highest power attained during a 30-s all-out exercise test, P_peak highest power attained during an incremental exercise test, TT time trial, $\dot{V}$O_2max maximal $\dot{V}$O₂ recorded following verification from additional trials > CP

CP determination method: 3MT 3-min all-out test, nCWR number of constant work-rate trials, nTT number of time trials