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. 2023 Feb 16;15:54. doi: 10.1007/s40820-023-01025-5

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Role of nanoagrochemicals and nanofertilizers in seed treatment. a Characteristics of nanopesticides, such as enhanced stability, control, and targeted delivery of agrochemicals, assist the seed in effectively protecting itself from pathogens and pests during germination. b Nanofertilizers compositions (Se, Zn, N, P, K, Mo, etc.) providing the nutrient-rich element for enhanced seed protection, enhanced stress tolerance, and fulfilling nutrient deficiency in the soil for the effective seed germination