Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of independent risk factors for residual low back pain.

Risk factors	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
Depression	3.56	1.19–10.64	0.02
Intravertebral vacuum cleft	4.41	1.57–12.36	0.01
No anti-osteoporosis treatment	9.96	3.50–28.33	<0.01
Cement volume			0.03
3–4 ml vs. >4 ml	3.14	0.85–11.67	0.09
<3 ml vs. >4 ml	4.61	1.26–16.91	0.02
Insufficient cement distribution	3.66	1.36–9.86	0.01