Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Ref. | Approach | N (%) | Overall mortality rate n (%) | Overall morbidity rate n (%) | Success rate of choledocholithiasis clearance n (%) | Incidence of pancreatitis n (%) | Length of operative time (min) | The length of hospital stay (days) | follow-up time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lella (11) 2006 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
60(50) 60 (50) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
2 (3.3) 8 (13.3) |
58 (96.7) 58 (96.7) |
0 (0) 6 (10) |
NA | 3 ± 0.5 6 ± 1.5 |
NA |
| Morino (9) 2006 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
46 (50.4) 45 (49.5) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
3 (6.5) 4 (8.8) |
44 (95.7) 36 (80) |
1 (2.2) 0 (0) |
127 ± 15 80 ± 20.8 |
4.3 ± 4.25 8 ± 4.75 |
19 (6–50) |
| Rabago (12) 2006 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
59 (48) 64 (52) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
5 (8.5) 14 (23) |
52 (88.1) 62 (96.9) |
1 (1.7) 8 (12.7) |
142 ± 58 102 ± 52 |
5 ± 3 8 ± 5 |
24 |
| ElGeidie (13) 2011 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
98 (49.5) 100 (50.5) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
4 (4.1) 4 (4) |
96 (98) 95 (95) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
112 ± 20 90 ± 15 |
1.3 ± 0.5 3 ± 1.5 |
NA |
| Tsovaras (10) 2012 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
50 (50.5) 49 (49.5) |
1 (2) 0 (0) |
7 (14) 6 (12.2) |
47 (94) 45 (91.8) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
95 ± 33.75 79 ± 35 |
4 ± 4.25 5.5 ± 4.75 |
NA |
| Sahoo (14) 2014 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
42 (50.6) 41 (49.4) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
NA | 38 (90.5) 29 (71) |
0(0) 5(12.2) |
NA | 6.8 ± 4.25 10.9 ± 4.75 |
NA |
| Gonzalez (15) 2016 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
46 (50.5) 45 (49.5) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
0 (0) 6 (13.3) |
45 (97.8) 42 (93.3) |
0 (0) 1 (2.2) |
94.2 ± 63.75 98 ± 52.5 |
NA | NA |
| Liu (16) 2017 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
32 (50.8) 31 (49.2) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
17 (53.1) 25 (80.6) |
31 (96.9) 30 (96.8) |
3 (9.38) 2 (6.45) |
129 ± 16.3 151.3 ± 15.2 |
7.5 ± 1.7 10.6 ± 2.5 |
NA |
| Muhammedoglu (17) 2020 | LC + iERCP LC + pERCP |
39 (47.6) 43 (52.4) |
0 (0) 0 (0) |
NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 ± 3.25 7 ± 4.5 |
NA |
| Ref. | Methods | Country | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lella (11) 2006 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
Italy | US and MRI Diagnosis of CBD stone | Age <18 year, pregnancy, previous sphincterotomy, chronic pancreatitis, allergy to propofol and/or fentanyl |
| Morino (9) 2006 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
Italy | Elevation of serum enzymes + US diagnosis of CBDS or CBD >8–10 mm, no cholangitis and necrotizing pancreatitis | Age <18 year, ASA IV and V, CBD malignancy, previous cholecystectomy, contraindications to MRCP and ERCP, contraindications to laparoscopic surgery |
| Rabago (12) 2006 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
Spain | US/CT/MRCP diagnosis of CBDS elevated serum enzymes, CBD >8 mm, with cholangitis | Age <18 or >80 year, no contraindication to laparoscopy, no previous upper abdominal surgery, no chronic pancreatitis |
| ElGeidie (13) 2011 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
Egypt | Clinical assessment + US diagnosis of CBDS or CBD >8 mm + liver chemistry, MRI diagnosis of CBDS, no cholangitis and pancreatitis | Age <18 or >80 year, ASA IV and V, CBD malignancy, pregnancy, previous cholecystectomy, contraindications to MRCP and ERCP, contraindications to laparoscopic surgery, previous upper abdominal surgery, marked liver cirrhosis |
| Tsovaras (10) 2012 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
Greece | US/MRCP diagnosis of CBDS | Age <18 or >80 year, ASA IV and V, BMI >35, previous upper abdominal surgery, pregnancy |
| Sahoo (14) 2014 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
India | Diagnosis of gallstone and CBDS | CBDS >12 mm |
| Gonzalez (15) 2016 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
Cuba | Clinical features + US diagnosis of CBDS or CBD >8 mm + liver function tests, ASA I–III | Age <18, ASA IV and V, previous upper abdominal surgery, previous ERCP, contraindications to ERCP, Contraindications to laparoscopic surgery |
| Liu (16) 2017 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
China | US/CT/MRCP diagnosis of CBDS, Age ≤75 year, CBDS > 0.2 and <1.5 cm, no upper abdominal surgery, no pancreatitis | Contraindications to ERCP, iodine allergy |
| Muhammedoglu (17) 2020 | Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: superiority design |
Turkey | no difficulty in ERCP, US/CT/MRCP diagnosis of CBDS, acute cholecystitis, no malignancy, no history of abdominal surgery, and no contraindications for laparoscopic surgery | Age <16 year, pregnancy, diagnostic ERCP, diffuse peritonitis, perforated gall bladder, malignancy and uncompleted ERCP |
NA, not available.