Table 9.
Adaptive traits of pulse crops to climate extremes.
| Pulse crop | Niche | Adaptive traits | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chickpea | Semiarid tropics and dry areas | Heat and water-stress tolerant; resistance to pod borer, Fusarium wilt, Aschochyta blight, Botrytis gray mold, and root rot | Whish et al. (2007) |
| Pigeon pea | Tropical climate, semiarid and less humid regions | Short stature; resistance to Fusarium wilt, Phytophthora stem blight, sterility mosaic virus, pod borer, and pod fly | Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Mung bean | Arid and semiarid regions, warm-season | Very short duration, photo-and thermal insensitive; heat and water-stress tolerant; favors stressed conditions; resistance to powdery mildew and mung bean yellow mosaic virus | Tickoo et al. (2006), Gupta et al. (2019) |
| Moth bean | Arid regions, warm climate | Early and synchronous maturity, erect plant habit; tolerant to heat and water stress; grown in low soil fertility; tolerant to yellow mosaic virus | Tiwari et al. (2018); Gupta et al. (2019) |
| Urd bean | Semiarid regions, hot humid season | Very short duration, photo-and thermal insensitive; tolerant to excessive moisture stress; resistant to powdery mildew and mung bean yellow mosaic virus | Gupta et al. (2019) |
| Cowpea | Wider adaptation, arid and semiarid regions | Early maturity, fast initial growth, and better source/relationship | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Hall (2012) |
| Pea | Semiarid climate, cool areas | Dwarfness, tendril, leaflessness, and earliness; tolerant to terminal heat and water stress; resistance to powdery mildew and rust | Kumar and Dixit (2003) |
| Lentil | Semiarid tropics and dry areas | Heat and water-stress tolerant; resistance wilt, Aschochyta blight, Stemphylium blight, rust, and black aphid | Sarker and Erskine (2002) |
| Lathyrus | Indian and Mediterranean region | Tolerant to both excessive water and drought conditions | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Horse gram | Arid and semiarid regions | Early maturity, green foliage up to maturity; thermo-insensitive, tolerant to water stress and soil acidity | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Common bean | Tropical climate | Short height, early maturity; tolerant to heat, water stress and cold; resistant to common bacterial blight | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Lima bean | Climate of Mexico, Argentina, and Georgia | Bushy compact plant, climbing type; well suited under limited water and marginal soils | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Rice bean | Dry regions of arid and semiarid climates | Determinate growth habits, early maturity; tolerant to water stress and soil acidity | Isemura et al. (2010); Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Tepary bean | Tropical climate, dry season | Short duration, deep-rooted crop; resistance to water stress and common bacterial blight | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Adzuki bean | Temperate and sub-tropical climate | Tolerant to water stress; resistance to bacterial blight | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Kumar et al. (2019a) |
| Hyacinth bean | Sub-humid and semiarid regions | Early maturity; tolerant to water stress and soil salinity | Kumar and Dixit (2003); Kumar et al. (2019a) |