Table 4.
Cross-sectional studies of HTLV-1 transmission risk and associated risk factors.
| Factors associated with HTLV-1 infection | Countries (references) | |
|---|---|---|
| in multivariable analyses | in univariable analyses | |
| Sexual transmission | ||
| History of prostitution | Guinea-Bissau (78)* | |
| Genital ulcers | Guinea-Bissau (80)* | |
| Nb of partners | Guinea-Bissau (79, 80)* | |
| HIV-1 co-infection | Guinea-Bissau (79)* | Guinea-Bissau (77) |
| HIV-2 co-infection | Guinea-Bissau (78, 79) | Guinea-Bissau (76, 112) |
| Parenteral transmission | ||
| History of transfusion | Guinea-Bissau (79)**; CAR (92) | Cameroon (86); Gabon (98, 99, 113) |
| History of intramuscular injection | CAR (92) | |
| History of intravenous injection | DRC (97) | |
| History of hospitalization | Gabon (99) | Gabon (98) |
| History of surgery | Cameroon (86) | Gabon (98) |
| Ornemental scarification | Guinea-Bissau (79)* | Guinea-Bissau (112) |
| Zoonotic transmission | ||
| NHP bite | Cameroon (86) | Cameroon (114); Gabon (99); Guinea-Bissau (112) |
*Associated factor among women only; ** associated factor among men only.