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. 2023 Feb 17;8:71. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01342-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The overview of epigenetic regulation of hematologic malignancies. Epigenetic regulation of hematologic malignancies mainly includes DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and noncoding RNA. First, DNA methylation depends on writers, readers, and erasers. DNMTs are writers of DNA methylation, and targeted treatments focusing on DNMTs have been developed. Readers of DNA methylation include MBD-containing proteins, methyl-CpG binding zinc fingers, and SRA domain-containing proteins. Erasers of DNA methylation mainly consist of the TET family and the AID/APOBEC family. Second, histone acetylation depends on the writer KATs, the reader acetyl-lysine binding proteins, and the eraser HDACs. Correspondingly, innovative treatments targeting KATs, BETs, and HDACs are being developed. Third, histone methylation depends on the writer KMTs, the reader methyl-histone binding proteins, and the eraser KDMs. KMT inhibitors and KDM inhibitors are being explored in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. In addition, microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs also contribute to hematologic oncogenesis