Table 1.

Clinical symptoms and long-term follow-up results of 6 patients with anti-GABA_BR encephalitis.

Assessment	Patient 1	Patient 2	Patient 3	Patient 4	Patient 5	Patient 6
Sex	M	F	F	M	M	M
Age	76	66	49	56	70	74
Date to admitting	11	15	7	8	6	3
Previous history	BPH and COPD	No	No	No	No	BPH and COPD
Personal history	Smoking	No	No	Smoking Alcohol consumption	No	Smoking
Initial symptom	Epilepsy	Epilepsy	Epilepsy	Epilepsy	Epilepsy	Behavior disorder
Other symptom	Memory deficit	No	Memory deficit Cognitive decline	Behavior disorder Cognitive decline	Behavior disorder Cognitive decline	Status epilepticus Cognitive decline
CSF Pressure (mmH2O)*	123	108	158	162	150	250
Leukocyte in CSF†	16 *106/L	17 *106/L	35 *106/L	56 *106/L	13 *106/L	15 *106/L
Protein in CSF‡	510 mg/L	840 mg/L	290 mg/L	480 mg/L	530 mg/L	550 mg/L
CSF antibody titer	1:100	1:32	1:320	1:32	1:32	1:32
Serum antibody titer	1:32	1:10	1:32	1:10	1:32	1:10
Other antibody in CSF or Serum	Anti-Ma 2 antibody in Serum	No	No	No	No	No
D-dimmer§	1.1 mg/L	1.72 mg/L	0.51 mg/L	0.42 mg/L	0.31 mg/L	0.54 mg/L
Tumor maker	No	No	No	No	No	No
Tumors	Suspected testicular cancer	small cell cancer	No	small cell lung cancer	Esophagus cancer	No
Lesions on brain MRI	Left frontal lobe, guide lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus	Bilateral guide lobe, frontal parietal lobe and basal ganglia	No lesions	Right hippocampus	Bilateral hippocampus	unchecked
EEG	Normal	Abnormal	Abnormal	Normal	Normal	Abnormal
Corticosteroid pulse therapy	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
IVIg	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
AEDs treatment in hospital	VPA and LEV	VPA and LEV	VPA	VPA and LEV	LEV	VPA and LEV
mRS score at admission	4	3	3	4	4	5
mRS score at discharge	1	2	0	0	4	6#
mRS score at 6 mo after onset	0	0	0	0	3	NA
Residual symptoms at discharge	No	No	No	No	Cognitive decline	NA
treatment after discharge	Prednisone and LEV	No	No	Prednisone and LEV	Prednisone and LEV	NA

AEDs = antiepileptic drug, anti-GABA_B = Anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid B, BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, EEG = electroencephalography, IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin, LEV = levetiracetam, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, mRS = modified Rankin scores, NA = not available, VPA = valproic acid.

^*normal range of CSF Pressure: 80-180 mmH₂O,

^†normal range of CSF leukocyte count: 0-6 × 10⁶/L,

^‡normal range of CSF proteins: 150-450 mg/L,

^§normal range of D-dimmer: 0-0.55 mg/L FEU,

# death.