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. 2023 Feb 3;14:1093044. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093044

TABLE 7.

Coefficient estimates for direct effect in the moderation model.

Variable Direct effect (dependent variable = performance)
Step 1 Step 2
a t a t
Constant -0.37 -2.10* -0.47 -2.66**
Gender 0.28 2.22* 0.30 2.47*
SE 0.30 4.46*** 0.74 4.61***
BD 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.28
SE × BD -0.10 -3.03**
R 2 0.10 0.13
F 10.11 10.10
ΔR2 0.03
Sig. ΔF 0.00

SE, self-efficacy; BD, boredom; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.