Table 2.
Open coding.
| Number | Initial scope | Raw data representative statements |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Organizational norms | Most of the families around me are two couples helping each other, and if I do not teach her, it looks like I’m irresponsible. |
| 2 | Moral code | We are a family and it is my responsibility to teach her. |
| I know more than she does, so I’m obligated to teach her. | ||
| 3 | Evaluation of spouse’s ability | She dislikes the small font on her phone and the mobile applications have too many features for her to adapt. |
| 4 | Self-experience evaluation | I have been using smartphones for 10 years, so I have a lot of experience. |
| 5 | Altruistic motivation | She is eager to learn about her children’s life outside, and after learning to use her smartphone, she can find out what her children are up to from the photos and texts in her circle of friends. |
| 6 | Egoistic motivation | Previously, I was responsible for paying online living expenses and other expenses in the family. After teaching my wife this mobile payment function, she can take care of this job. This will reduce my work in the family. |
| 7 | Physical dysfunction | I have poor eyesight and cannot read the words on my phone. |
| 8 | Class identity | I am not well educated and cannot keep up with the pace of development of this era. |
| We are a poor couple who cannot afford to use smartphones. | ||
| 9 | Intimacy evaluation | He rarely communicates with me when he has a question, so we both generally do not ask each other questions. |
| 10 | Proxy support | My son knows I want to enjoy watching country-themed TV shows and will download them for me directly on my phone. So, I can use my smartphone without learning how to use it. |
| 11 | Perceived usefulness | I cook and take care of my grandchildren all day, so I do not need to use smartphone at all. |
| 12 | Perceived ease of use | Nowadays, the various software updates on the phone are so fast that it is difficult for me to learn. |
| 13 | Perceived riskiness | There are so many examples of cell phone fraud. I’m worried about my money being cheated. |
| 14 | Internal value | I used to only use my phone to make and receive phone calls, but now I’m using WeChat to video chat with my family and friends after I learned how to do it. I feel very confident and confident in front of my daughter and my friends. |
| 15 | Social value | I can now even teach my peers when I master the skills. |