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. 2023 Feb 2;13:1114364. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1114364

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Copyright © 2023 Shen, Xu, Zhang, Yang, Li, Ma, Guo, Kwok and Sun

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in the β-diversity of vaginal microbiota and differential abundant bacteria identified after using the postbiotic gel. (A, B) Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA; weighted and unweighted unifrac) of subjects’ vaginal microbiota. (C) Phylum- and (D) genus-level taxonomic profiles of subjects’ bacterial vaginal microbiota before and after applying the postbiotic gel. (E, F) Box plots of the differential abundant bacterial genera, Gardnerella and Streptococcus before and after using the postbiotic gel. (G) The number of people with changes in Lactobacillus content.