Skip to main content
. 2023 Feb 2;10:e25361. doi: 10.2196/25361

Table 2.

Process of knowledge acquisition to develop task-shifting protocols to collect patient informationa.

Step Stage Result Committee members involved



1: physician 2: physician 3: physician 4 and 5: program manager 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11: community health workers
Step 1 Identify symptom list to cover the scope of most prevalent presenting complaints through literature review 67 presenting complaints identified

Step 2 Create data collection questionnaires to collect subjective data for the presenting complaints through a literature review and synthesis of evidence-based guidelines 67 data collection questionnaires compiled

Step 3 Identify simple physical examinations to collect objective data and map them to complaints 143 examinations identified

Step 4 Contextualization of questionnaires to the etiology and epidemiology of disease in India 67 questionnaires contextualized

Step 5 Feasibility assessment to remove history-taking questions and physical examinations that are difficult to task shift to health workers or have a high burden of training Questionnaire list reduced to 51; examination list reduced to 93

Step 6 Translation of content into local language (Bengali) and adaptation to improve comprehensibility for patients Translations complete and verified; 51 questionnaires and 93 physical examinations modified

Step 7 Adaptations to local social and cultural contexts Adaptations complete and verified; 51 questionnaires and 93 physical examinations modified


aPhysicians were responsible for the curation of medical knowledge to build the protocols. Public health program managers were experts in working with community health workers as well as in representing patient needs. The community health workers represented the sociocultural norms of the community that they served and the local dialect as well as patient needs.