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. 2023 Feb 17;20:31. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-01982-8

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Codon Usage of Structural Genes Remains Stable Between Clades and Over Time. Codons highlighted here were selected based on greatest number of significant differences between December 2019 and July 2022 (Additional file 7: Table S7). Clades are represented by their Greek letter and corresponding color for line graphs: Alpha—α (red), Beta/Mu—β/μ (blue), Gamma/Lambda—γ/λ (black), Delta—δ (orange), and Omicron—ο (green). Within each box plot, orange bars represent the median codon frequency of each clade distribution, red dots represent outliers, and black boxes represent the first and third quartiles (often hidden behind the orange median bar). A Spike gene GAT (aspartic acid) frequency distributions (selected months) (box plots) and the average GAT frequency over time (line graph). B E gene CTG (leucine) frequency distributions (selected months) and average CTG over time. C M gene TAC (tyrosine) frequency distributions (selected months) and average TAC over time. D N gene CGA (arginine) frequency distributions (selected months) and average CGA over time. All line graphs utilized the bold regions of the Table 1 clade distributions