TABLE 10.
Results obtained by different authors by using pyrolysis and steam reforming technique.
| Reactor | Approach | Plastic type | Reaction Conditions (°C, -) | Bed material | Composition of gas (% vol) | Gas yield (m3/kg) | Production of H2 (100g/plastic) | Tar yield (g /m3) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma reactor (11 kg h−1) | Plasma gasification with CO2 | PE, PET and PP mixture | T: 1200–1400 | - | CO: 50, H2: 42, CH4: 0, CO2: 7 | - | - | < 0.001 | Hlina et al. (2014) |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis–dry reforming of plastic | PE | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Co-Al | - | - | 15 | 0 | Saad and Williams, (2016) |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis–dry reforming of plastic | PP | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Co-Al | - | - | 13.6 | 0 | Saad and Williams, (2016) |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis–dry reforming of plastic | PS | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Co-Al | - | - | 7.6 | 0 | Saad and Williams, (2016) |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis–dry reforming of plastic | PET | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Co-Al | - | - | 2.5 | 0 | Saad and Williams, (2016) |
| Fluidized bed (heterogeneous) (0.08 kg h−1) | Plastic pyrolytic oil Steam reforming | Pyrolysis oil of PE | S/C: 3.5(molar), T: 570–800 | Ni-Al2O3 | CO: 7–18, H2:70, CH4:<1, CO2: 19–12 | 4.7–5.8 | 37 | - | Tsuji and Hatayama, (2009) |
| Fluidized bed (heterogeneous) (0.08 kg h−1) | Plastic pyrolytic oil Steam reforming | Pyrolysis oil of PE | S/C: 3.5(molar), T: 600–800 | Ni-Al2O3 | CO: 8–16, H2: 68, CH4:< 1, CO2: 20–18 | 4.6–5.2 | 31.5 | - | Tsuji and Hatayama, (2009) |
| Two Fixed (packed) bed (0.06 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | S/C: 3.6(molar), T:400/580–680 | -/Ru-Al2O3 | CO: 9–11, H2:71–70, CH4: 1.5–1.4, CO2: 19–16 | 5.4–8.8 | 36.5 | 0 | Park et al. (2010) |
| Two Fixed (packed) bed (0.06 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | S/C: 3.6 (molar), T:400-600/630 | -/Ru-Al2O3 | CO: 9–8, H2:71–72, CH4: 1.5–0.9, CO2: 19 | 5.4–5.6 | 36 | 0 | Park et al. (2010) |
| Two Fixed (packed) bed (0.06 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PS | S/C: 3.7(molar), T:400/580–680 | -/Ru-Al2O3 | CO: 5–10, H2:69–68, CH4: 0, CO2: 25–21 | 4.2–5.2 | 33 | 0 | Namioka et al. (2011) |
| Spouted (conical) bed/packed bed (fixed) (0.05 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PE | S/C: 3.1, T: 500/700 | sand/Ni-CaAl2O4 | CO: 11, H2:71, CH4:<1, CO2: 17 | 5.4 | 34.5 | 0.11 | Erkiaga et al. (2015) |
| Spouted (conical) bed/FBR (heterogeneous) (0.05 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PE | S/C: 3.1, T:500/600–700 | sand/Ni-CaAl2O4 | CO: 11, H2:71, CH4:<1, CO2: 17 | 5.4 | 37.3 | 0 | Barbarias et al. (2016a) |
| Spouted (conical) bed/FBR (heterogeneous) (0.05 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PS | S/C: 2.89, T: 500/700 | sand/Ni-CaAl2O4 | CO: 14, H2: 65, CH4: < 0.1, CO2: 21 | 5 | 29.1 | 0 | Barbarias et al. (2016b) |
| FBR/FBR (0.06 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | S/C: 4.6 (molar), T: 650/850 | sand/ commercial Ni catalyst | CO: 12, H2: 71, CH4: 1.2, CO2: 16 | 5.4 | 34 | 0 | Czernik and French (2006) |
| FBR/FBR (0.06 kg/h) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | S/C: 4.6 (molar), T: 650/850, ER: 0.25 | sand/ commercial Ni catalyst | CO: 12, H2: 65, CH4: 1.6, CO2: 21 | 4.1 | 24 | 0 | Czernik and French (2006) |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | T: 500/600–900 | -/Ni-CeO2 ZSM-5 | CO: 8–26, H2:62–67, CH4: 7–4, CO2: 16–4 | - | 27–61 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2009a |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | T: 500/600–900 | -/Ni-CeO2 Al2O3 | CO: 9–27, H2:62–65, CH4: 4–1, CO2: 18–4, | - | 13–52 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2008 |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Al2O3 | CO: 20, H2:56, CH4:6, CO2: 9 | - | 27 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2009e |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-CeO2 | CO: 6, H2:75, CH4: 5, CO2: 7 | - | 27 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2009e |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PP | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Mg-Al | CO: 24, H2: 64, CH4: 1, CO2: 10, | 4.65 | 26.6 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2010c |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PS | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Mg-Al | CO: 25, H2: 58, CH4: 1, CO2: 10 | 3.57 | 18.5 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2010c |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | PE | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Mg-Al | CO: 20, H2: 67, CH4: 1, CO2: 12 | 3.94 | 26.0 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2010c |
| Dual fixed bed (1 g) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | MSW plastics waste | T: 500/800 | -/Ni-Mg-Al | CO: 20, H2: 67, CH4: 1, CO2: 12 | 3.94 | 23.6 | 0 | Wu and Williams, 2010c |
| Conical spouted bed/fluidized bed (0.75g/min) | Pyrolysis– in line steam reforming | MSW plastics waste | T:500/700 | -/Ni-Al2O3 CaAl2O4 | CO: 9.9, H2:71 CH4: 0, CO2: 29.3 | - | 30.3 | 0 | Barbarias et al. (2018) |