TABLE 2.
Gas compositions achieved by various researchers in air gasification of plastics waste.
| Plastic type | Reactor | Reaction Conditions (°C) | Bed material | Composition of gas (% vol) | Gas produced (m3/ kg) | LHV (MJ/m3) | Tar Yield (g/m3) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plastic waste | Fixed (packed) bed (0.06 kg/h) | T:700–900, ER: 0.4 | - | CO: 0.2–4, H2: 0–2, CH4: 21–20, CO2: 5–7 | - | 7.8–8 | 18–12 | Kaewpengkrow et al. (2012) |
| Mixture of waste plastic | Moving grate * fueled with pure O2 (80 kg/h) | T:700–900, ER: 0.15–0.6 | - | CO: 22–33, H2: 41–29, CH4: 4.3–10, CO2: 8.2–22 | 1.2-1.5 | 9.0–11.8 | - | Lee et al. (2013) |
| PE | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (100 kg/h) | T: 845–897, ER: 0.20–0.31 | Sand | CO: 2.8–2.2, H2: 9.1–9.5, CH4: 10.4–7.1, CO2:9.1–10.4 | 3–4.3 | 7.9–6.3 | 160–81 | Arena et al., (2010) |
| PE | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (100 kg/h) | T: 807–850, ER: 0.2–0.29 | olivine | CO: 18.4–20.9, H2: 30.1–29.1, CH4: 3.4–1.5, CO2:1.6–1.2, | 4.2-6.2 | 7.6–6.3 | 0 | Arena et al., (2010) |
| Mixture of waste plastic | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (100 kg/h) | T: 869–914, ER: 0.22–0.31 | Olivine | CO: 3.7–4.8, H2: 6.8–6.6, CH4: 7.3–6.3, CO2: 11.1–11.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 6.8–5.2 | 99-56 | Arena et al., (2010) |
| Mixed waste (polyolefins) | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (100 kg/h) | T: 887, ER: 0.25 | Olivine | CO: 4.5, H2: 5.9, CH4: 6.6, CO2: 10.3 | 3.3 | 6.6 | 59 | Arena and Di Gregorio, 2014 |
| Mixed cellulosic and plastic waste | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (100 kg/h) | T: 869, ER: 0.24 | Olivine | CO: 6.6, H2: 6.0, CH4: 6.5, CO2: 12.7 | 2.73 | 7.4 | 34 | Arena and Di Gregorio, 2014 |
| Recycled plastic waste from packaging | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (5 kg/h) | T: 887, ER: 0.25 | Silica sand | CO: 6.6, H2: 6.0, CH4: 6.5, CO2: 12.7 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 46 | Zaccariello and Mastellone, 2015 |
| PP | Fluidized bed (FBR) (1/kg h) | T: 850, ER: 0.32–0.36 | Sand | CO: 5, H2: 5, CH4: 3, CO2: 12 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 17 | Sancho et al. (2008) |
| PP | Fluidized bed (FBR) (1/kg h) | T: 850, ER: 0.32–0.36 | 70% sand−30% dolomite | CO: 7, H2: 6, CH4: 8, CO2: 16 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 1.5 | Sancho et al. (2008) |
| PP | Fluidized bed (FBR) (1/kg h) | T: 850, ER: 0.32–0.36 | 70% sand−30% olivine | CO: 4, H2: 5, CH4: 7, CO2: 14 | 2.9 | 5.8 | 10 | Sancho et al. (2008) |
| PP | Fluidized bed (FBR) (1/kg h) | T: 850, ER: 0.32–0.36 | olivine | CO: 8, H2: 10, CH4: 7, CO2: 11 | 6 | 6 | 2 | Sancho et al. (2008) |
| PP | Fluidized bed (FBR) (4/kg h) | T: 690–950, ER: 0.2–0.45 | bottom ash | CO: 20–15, H2: 4–5, CH4: 6–4, CO2: 9–15 | 2-3.8 | 11.3–5.2 | 40-1.3 | Xiao et al. (2007) |
| Mixture of plastic waste | Fluidized bed plus fixed bed (0.5 kg/h) | T: 800/830, ER: 0.2 | olivine/active carbon | CO: 6.7, H2: 27.1, CH4: 6.4, CO2: 8.5 | - | 5.8 | - | Cho et al. (2013b) |
| Mixture of plastic waste | Fluidized bed plus fixed bed (0.5 kg/h) | T: 800/800, ER: 0.2 | silica sand/dolomite | CO: 6.6, H2: 14.2, CH4: 15.7, CO2: 4.0 | - | 13.4 | - | Kim et al. (2011) |
| Mixture of plastic waste | Fluidized bed plus fixed bed (0.5 kg/h) | T: 800/800, ER: 0.2 | silica sand/active carbon | CO: 6.7, H2: 15.2, CH4: 14.8, CO2: 4.5 | - | 13.2 | - | Kim et al. (2011) |
| PE | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (1 kg/h) | T: 750, ER: 0.3 | silica sand | CO: 6.1, H2: 2.7, CH4: 7.0, CO2: 8.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 128 | Martínez-Lera et al. (2013b) |
| Polyolefins waste | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (1 kg/h) | T: 750, ER: 0.25–0.35 | silica sand | CO: 8.5–10, H2: 3, CH4: 8.5-10, CO2: 7.8–6.5 | 3.2–4.4 | 4.9–5.7 | 150-55 | Martínez-Lera et al. (2013b) |
| PE waste | Bubbling fluidized (aggregative) bed (1 kg/h) | T: 750, ER: 0.3 | silica sand | CO: 8.7, H2: 3, CH4: 8.7, CO2: 7.4 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 102 | Martínez-Lera et al. (2013b) |