TABLE 3.
Gas compositions obtained by authors in the plastics waste co-gasification.
| Plastic type | Reactor | Bed material | Gasifying agent | Reaction Conditions (°C, -) | Composition of gas (% vol) | Gas yield (m3/kg) | LHV (MJ/m3) | Tar yield (g/m3) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE(0.3)/wood pellets (0.7) | Fluidized bed (dual) (15 kg/h) | olivine | steam | S/F: 1.6, T: 850 | CO: 23, H2: 41, CH4: 14, CO2: 16 | 1.9 | 16 | 47 | Wilk and Hofbauer, (2013) |
| MSW plastic(0.5)/wood pellets (0.5) | Fluidized bed (dual) (15 kg/h) | olivine | steam | S/F: 0.94, T: 850 | CO: 24, H2: 35, CH4: 6, CO2: 19 | 1.1 | 16 | 39 | Wilk and Hofbauer, (2013) |
| PE(0.33)/lignite (0.66) | Fluidized bed (dual) (15 kg/h) | olivine | steam | S/F: 0.90, T: 850 | CO: 24, H2: 45, CH4: 8, CO2: 10 | - | 13 | 9 | Kern et al. (2013) |
| Wood (0.2)/recycled plastic (0.8) | Bubbling Fluidized (aggregative) bed (5 kg/h) | SiO2 | air | T: 872, ER: 0.25 | CO: 7, H2: 10, CH4: 8, CO2: 11 | 3.4 | 7 | 34 | Zaccariello and Mastellone, (2015) |
| wood (0.2)/Recycled plastic (0.3)/ coal (0.5) | Bubbling Fluidized (aggregative) bed (5 kg/h) | SiO2 | air | T: 868, ER: 0.25 | CO: 13, H2: 14, CH4: 2, CO2: 14 | 2.7 | 6 | 41 | Zaccariello and Mastellone, (2015) |
| Wood(0.5)/HDPE(0.5)/PE (0.5) | Spouted (conical) bed reactor (0.1 kg/h) | olivine | steam | S//F: 1.00, T: 900, | CO: 27, H2: 57, CH4: 6, CO2: 7 | 2.64 | - | 9.7 | Lopez et al. (2015a) |
| PE(0.5)/coconut shell (0.5) | Fluidized bed/fixed (packed) bed (2/kg) | Commercial Ni catalyst/dolomite | steam | S/F: 2, T: 800/600 | CO: 9, H2: 82, CH4: 7, CO2: 2 | 2.7 | 12.4 | 0 | Alipour Moghadam Esfahani et al. (2017) |
| PE (0.5)/rice straw (0.5) | Fixed (packed) bed | - | steam | T: 900 | CO: 30, H2: 46, CH4 :12 CO2: 12, | 1.1 | 13.9 | - | Baloch et al. (2016) |
| Wood and biomass paper fiber(0.45)/ waste polyolefins (0.55) | Updraft (60kg/h) | - | air | ER: 0.19-0.24, T: 800–930 | CO: 15–14, H2: 10–15, CH4: 6-5, CO2: 8 | 2.6-3.4 | 9.5-79 | 22-11.2 | Ponzio et al. (2006) |
| Biomass (0.5)/PP (0.5) | Dual Fixed bed (0.04g) | Fe-CeO2 | steam | T: 850/700 | CO: 5, H2: 40, CH4: 6, CO2: 16 | 2.55 | 35.5 | - | Parparita et al. (2015) |
| PET (0.5)/wood (0.5) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor | olivine | air | ER: 0.19-0.31, T: 725-875 | CO: 13-9, H2: 4.3-5.4, CH4: 3-2.7, CO2: 17 | - | 4.5-3.5 | 145-63 | Robinson et al. 2016 |
| PE(0.2)/ rice husk (0.8) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (0.3 kg/h) | - | oxygen | ER:0.20, T:850 | CO: 12, H2: 38, CH4: 12, CO2: 37 | 1 | 13 | 12 | Pinto et al. (2016) |
| PE(0.2)/ rice husk (0.8) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (0.3 kg/h) | - | air | ER:0.20, T:850 | CO: 24, H2: 19, CH4: 13, CO2: 33 | 1.3 | 8 | 12 | Pinto et al. (2016) |
| PE(0.2)/ rice husk (0.8) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (0.3 kg/h) | - | steam | S/F: 1, T:850 | CO: 15, H2: 41, CH4: 11, CO2: 24 | 0.35 | 13 | 15 | Pinto et al. (2016) |
| PE (0.1)/ pine wood (0.9) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (0.75 kg/h) | - | steam | S/F: 0.8, T: 740–880 | CO: 34–31, H2: 25–44, CH4: 15–10, CO2: 14–9, | 0.63–1.28 | 21–15 | - | Pinto et al. (2002) |
| PE (0.1)/ coal (0.9) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (6 kg/h) | - | steam/air | S/F: 0.85, ER: 0.2, T: 850 | CO: 17, H2: 40, CH4: 17, CO2: 16 | 1.3 | - | 19 | Pinto et al. (2009b) |
| PE (0.2)/pine wood (0.2)/coal (0.6) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (5.5 kg/h) | - | steam/air | Air/ F: 1.14, S/F: 1, T: 740–880 | CO: 18–17, H2: 25–40, CH4: 18–15, CO2: 24–20, | 0.6–1.35 | 24–18 | - | Pinto et al. (2003) |
| PE (0.2)/ pine wood(0.8) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (5 kg/h) | quartz sand | air | ER: 0.23, T: 780 | CO: 16, H2: 17, CH4: 12, CO2: 15 | - | 7.3 | 60 | Ruoppolo et al. (2012) |
| PE (0.2)/ pine wood(0.8) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (5 kg/h) | Ni-γAl2O3 | air | ER: 0.23, T: 780 | CO: 14, H2: 30, CH4: 3 CO2: 10 | - | 6.5 | 27 | Ruoppolo et al. (2012) |
| Polyolefins waste (0.4)/ coal (0.6) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (4 kg/h) | sand-dolomite | air | ER: 0.36, T: 850 | CO: 22, H2: 40, CH4: 5.5, CO2: 16 | 2.9 | 8.3 | 1.3 | Aznar et al. (2006) |
| biomass (0.2)/ polyolefins waste (0.2)/coal (0.6) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (4 kg/h) | sand-dolomite | air | ER: 0.36, T: 850 | CO: 12, H2: 11, CH4: 2, CO2: 14 | 3 | 5.5 | 1 | Aznar et al. (2006) |
| PET (0.25)/ olive husk (0.75) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (5 kg/h) | γ-Al2O3 | steam/air | S/F: 0.76, ER: 0.1, T: 752 | CO: 13, H2: 33, CH4: 9, CO2: 19 | 1.3 | 10.2 | 90 | Brachi et al. (2014) |
| PET (0.25)/ olive husk (0.75) | Fluidized (heterogeneous) bed reactor (5 kg/h) | Ni-γAl2O3 | steam/air | S/F: 0.62, ER: 0.1, T: 845 | CO: 22, H2: 40, CH4: 5.5 CO2: 16 | 1.4 | 9 | 29 | Brachi et al. (2014) |