Table 2.

Clinical Trials with TUNA Procedure.

Literature reference (Author, name)	Procedure	Inclusion criteria	Number of patients	Results obtained
Murai et al. (2001)36	Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)		93 patients	Under low-spinal anesthesia, TUNA procedure is performed on 93 patients among of which 51.3% (57 patients) and 60.2% (56 patients) at 3 months and 6 months after the procedure, respectively have a reduction of IPSS of more than 50% when compared with that of pretreatment. TUNA is considered safe and effective for the treatment of symptomatic BPH.
Zlotta et al. (2003)33	Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)	Age 39–85 years; Prostate volume 20–96.9 mL; Median of IPSS = 19	188 patients	All patients were treated using the TUNA catheters under local anesthesia only. 75% of the patients did not require further treatment (surgery/drugs) in the long term (5 years.) For all patients, peak flow rate, mean residual volume and IPSS improved significantly (P < .05).
Hill et al. (2004)37	Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) versus TURP	Age > 50 years; Prostate volume 20–75 mg; IPSS ≥ 13	121 patients	65 (54%) are randomly selected to undergo TUNA and 56 (46%) are selected to receive TURP. The study reveals that patients undergoing TUNA experience fewer side effects than those with TURP especially for retrograde ejaculation (41% reported for TURP group vs 0% for TUNA group) erectile dysfunction, incontinence and stricture formation.
Law et al. (2019) 11	Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)	Prostate volume <90 cc; IPSS ≥ 18; peak flow rate <15 mL/s	121 patients	62 out of 121 patients (group1) underwent TUNA because of side effects of medical therapy; the other 59 (group 2) underwent TUNA for failure of medical therapy. After the procedure, 43 out of the 121 patients required medical therapy, repeated TUNA or underwent TURP.