Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinicopathological features of the study population.

Results are expressed as n (%) or median (interquartile range).

*: statistically significant value.

T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI = body mass index; ECOG-PS = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; cT = clinical staging of primary tumor according to American Joint Committee on Cancer; cN = clinical lymph node staging according to American Joint Committee on Cancer; MS = microsatellite

Characteristics	Whole population (n = 187)	No T2DM (n = 133)	T2DM (n = 54)	P-value
Age (years)	69.0 (60.0–77.8)	69.0 (60.0–76.0)	70.0 (61.3–77.8)	0.52
Gender, n (%)
Male	95 (50.8)	69 (51.9)	26 (48.1)	0.76
Female	92 (49.2)	64 (48.1)	28 (51.9)
BMI (kg/m2), n (%)
Normal (18.5–24.9)	122 (65.2)	100 (75.2)	22 (40.7)	<0.01*
Overweight/Obese (≥25)	65 (34.8)	33 (24.8)	32 (59.3)
Pretreatment ECOG-PS, n (%)
0	130 (69.5)	105 (78.9)	25 (46.3)	<0.01*
1	57 (30.5)	28 (21.1)	29 (53.7)
Metformin use, n (%)	31 (16.6)	0 (0.0)	31 (57.4)	<0.01*
Differentiation grade, n (%)
G1	43 (23.0)	36 (27.1)	7 (13.0)	0.01*
G2	113 (60.4)	81 (60.9)	32 (59.3)
G3	31 (16.6)	16 (12.0)	15 (27.7)
Side of primary tumor, n (%)
Left	113 (60.4)	93 (69.9)	20 (37.0)	<0.01*
Right	74 (39.6)	40 (30.1)	34 (63.0)
cT, n (%)
T1	35 (18.7)	30 (22.6)	5 (9.3)	0.07
T2	40 (21.4)	31 (23.3)	9 (16.7)
T3	64 (34.2)	40 (30.1)	24 (44.4)
T4	48 (25.7)	32 (24.0)	16 (29.6)
cN, n (%)
N0	47 (25.1)	43 (32.3)	4 (7.4)	<0.01*
N1	84 (44.9)	67 (50.4)	17 (31.5)
N2	56 (30.0)	23 (17.3)	33 (61.1)
KRAS status, n (%)
Mutated	66 (35.3)	48 (36.1)	18 (33.3)	0.69
Wildtype	119 (63.6)	84 (63.2)	35 (64.8)
Unknown	2 (1.1)	1 (0.7)	1 (1.9)
BRAF status, n (%)
Mutated	28 (15.0)	9 (6.8)	19 (35.1)	<0.01*
Wildtype	157 (83.9)	123 (92.5)	34 (63.0)
Unknown	2 (1.1)	1 (0.7)	1 (1.9)
MS status, n (%)
Stable	162 (86.6)	120 (90.2)	42 (77.8)	0.022*
Unstable	17 (9.1)	7 (5.3)	10 (18.5)
Unknown	8 (4.3)	6 (4.5)	2 (3.7)