Table 1. Descriptive analysis of data on travellers from Africa to Europe and data on imported disease cases, per disease, 2015–2019 (n = 125,050,069 travellers).
| Characteristics | Unadjusted number of travellersa | Malaria | Dengue | Chikungunya | Zika virus disease | West Nile virus infection | Rift Valley fever | Yellow fever | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | TIRb | n | TIRb | n | TIRb | n | n | n | n | ||
| Overall | 125,050,069 | 34,235 | 28.8 | 956 | 0.8 | 161 | 0.1 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 1 |
| Classification | |||||||||||
| Probable | NA | 19 | NA | 114 | NA | 64 | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Confirmed | 34,216 | 842 | 97 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| Unknown or unspecified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7c | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Region of infection | |||||||||||
| Eastern Africa | 16,381,969 | 3,877 | 24.3 | 505 | 3.2 | 84 | 0.6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Central Africa | 4,278,672 | 9,151 | 225.6 | 92 | 2.3 | 48 | 1.2 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Northern Africa | 79,324,402 | 451 | 0.6 | 30 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Southern Africa | 9,618,811 | 99 | 1.1 | 18 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Western Africa | 15,446,215 | 20,657 | 140.0 | 311 | 2.1 | 26 | 0.2 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | NR | 22,403 | NA | 547 | NA | 66 | NA | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Female | 11,772 | 407 | 95 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Unknown or unspecified | 60 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Age groups (years) | |||||||||||
| Mean age (range) | NR | 37 (0−93) | NA | 42 (2–84) | NA | 47 (18–88) | NA | 42 (23–70) | 65 (45–81) | 32 (28–37) | 26 (NA) |
| 0–4 | 1,039 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 5–14 | 2,565 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 15–24 | 4,346 | 83 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 25–44 | 14,519 | 423 | 61 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 1 | ||||
| 45–64 | 10,090 | 341 | 73 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| ≥ 65 | 1,542 | 81 | 20 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Unknown or unspecified | 134 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Year of disease onset | |||||||||||
| 2015 | 23,123,293 | 6,733 | 30.6 | 70 | 0.3 | 13 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2016 | 21,782,484 | 6,445 | 31.1 | 128 | 0.6 | 35 | 0.2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 2017 | 24,268,380 | 6,911 | 29.9 | 239 | 1.0 | 16 | 0.1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018 | 27,112,632 | 6,966 | 27.0 | 146 | 0.6 | 40 | 0.2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 | 28,763,280 | 7,180 | 26.3 | 374 | 1.4 | 57 | 0.2 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Outcome | |||||||||||
| Alive | NA | 15,966 | NA | 354 | NA | 41 | NA | 4 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Dead | 133 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Unknown or unspecified | 18,136 | 602 | 120 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Place of residence | |||||||||||
| Africa | NR | 2,209 | NA | 8 | NA | 1 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| - Eastern Africa | 66 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| - Central Africa | 1,025 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| - Northern Africa | 32 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| - Southern Africa | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| - Western Africa | 1,076 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Europe | 17,254 | 337 | 44 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 0 | ||||
| Americas | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Asia | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Oceania | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Unknown | 14,713 | 611 | 116 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | ||||
NR: data not reported; NA: not applicable; TIR: Travellers’ infection rate.
a Total number of travellers to Europe.
b Number of cases per 100,000 travellers; the number of travellers was adjusted to the reporting countries included.
c EU countries did not specify how the cases were laboratory-confirmed and therefore the category into which these fall is unknown.