Table 2.
Background characteristics and outcomes of study participants (N = 1804)
| Variables | Frequency (%) or mean [SD] |
|---|---|
| Neonate birthweight (g) mean [SD] | 2808.7 [455.6] |
| ≧2500 | 1,454 (80.6) |
| < 2500 (LBW) | 350 (19.4) |
| Number of ANC visits (time) mean [SD] | 3.6 [2.0] |
| 4 + | 905 (50.2) |
| 3 | 329 (18.2) |
| 2 | 296 (16.4) |
| 1 | 126 (7.0) |
| Never | 135 (7.5) |
| Missing data | 13 (0.7) |
| Timing of first ANC visit (weeks) mean [SD] | 20.1 [7.0] |
| ≦12 (First trimester) | 166 (9.2) |
| 12 < ≦28 (Second trimester) | 870 (48.2) |
| > 28 (Third trimester) | 185 (10.3) |
| Never visited | 135 (7.5) |
| Missing data | 448 (24.8) |
| Adequacy of ANC visits | |
| Class 0 (total ANC ≥ 4 AND first ANC in first trimester) | 147 (8.2) |
| Class 1 (total ANC ≥ 4 AND first ANC in second or third trimester) | 534 (29.6) |
| Class 2 (total ANC < 4) | 751 (41.6) |
| Class 3 (never visited ANC throughout the pregnancy) | 135 (7.5) |
| Missing data | 237 (13.1) |
| Delivery season | |
| Rainy season | 829 (46.0) |
| Dry season | 975 (54.0) |
| Mode of delivery | |
| Caesarean | 309 (17.1) |
| Vaginal | 1479 (82.0) |
| Missing data | 16 (0.9) |
| Maternal age (year) mean [SD] | 25.4 [5.6] |
| ≧20 | 1509 (83.6) |
| < 20 | 276 (15.3) |
| Missing data | 19 (1.1) |
| Type of health insurance | |
| Formal and informal sector | 237 (13.1) |
| Government subsidisation | 1564 (86.7) |
| Missing data | 3 (0.2) |
| Residential area | |
| Salavan district | 1376 (76.3) |
| Other districts | 425 (23.6) |
| Missing data | 3 (0.1) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Lao | 1245 (69.0) |
| Minority | 552 (30.6) |
| Missing data | 7 (0.4) |
| Religion | |
| Buddhist | 1250 (69.3) |
| Animist or Christian | 547 (30.3) |
| Missing data | 7 (0.4) |
| Parity | |
| Multipara (≧1) | 1051 (58.3) |
| Primipara (= 0) | 746 (41.4) |
| Missing data | 7 (0.3) |
| Neonatal sex | |
| Male | 958 (53.1) |
| Female | 808 (44.8) |
| Missing data | 38 (2.1) |
| Multiple birth | |
| Singleton | 1763 (97.7) |
| Twin | 41 (2.3) |
| Gestational week of delivery | |
| Full-term birth | 1693 (93.8) |
| Premature birth | 107 (5.9) |
| Missing data | 4 (0.3) |
Numbers are number (%) unless otherwise specified
ANC Antenatal care, SD Standard deviation, LBW Low birthweight