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. 2023 Feb 17;23:119. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05442-7

Table 2.

Background characteristics and outcomes of study participants (N = 1804)

Variables Frequency (%) or mean [SD]
Neonate birthweight (g) mean [SD] 2808.7 [455.6]
 ≧2500 1,454 (80.6)
 < 2500 (LBW) 350 (19.4)
Number of ANC visits (time) mean [SD] 3.6 [2.0]
 4 +  905 (50.2)
 3 329 (18.2)
 2 296 (16.4)
 1 126 (7.0)
 Never 135 (7.5)
 Missing data 13 (0.7)
Timing of first ANC visit (weeks) mean [SD] 20.1 [7.0]
 ≦12 (First trimester) 166 (9.2)
 12 < ≦28 (Second trimester) 870 (48.2)
 > 28 (Third trimester) 185 (10.3)
 Never visited 135 (7.5)
 Missing data 448 (24.8)
Adequacy of ANC visits
 Class 0 (total ANC ≥ 4 AND first ANC in first trimester) 147 (8.2)
 Class 1 (total ANC ≥ 4 AND first ANC in second or third trimester) 534 (29.6)
 Class 2 (total ANC < 4) 751 (41.6)
 Class 3 (never visited ANC throughout the pregnancy) 135 (7.5)
 Missing data 237 (13.1)
Delivery season
 Rainy season 829 (46.0)
 Dry season 975 (54.0)
Mode of delivery
 Caesarean 309 (17.1)
 Vaginal 1479 (82.0)
 Missing data 16 (0.9)
Maternal age (year) mean [SD] 25.4 [5.6]
 ≧20 1509 (83.6)
 < 20 276 (15.3)
 Missing data 19 (1.1)
Type of health insurance
 Formal and informal sector 237 (13.1)
 Government subsidisation 1564 (86.7)
 Missing data 3 (0.2)
Residential area
 Salavan district 1376 (76.3)
 Other districts 425 (23.6)
 Missing data 3 (0.1)
Ethnicity
 Lao 1245 (69.0)
 Minority 552 (30.6)
 Missing data 7 (0.4)
Religion
 Buddhist 1250 (69.3)
 Animist or Christian 547 (30.3)
 Missing data 7 (0.4)
Parity
 Multipara (≧1) 1051 (58.3)
 Primipara (= 0) 746 (41.4)
 Missing data 7 (0.3)
Neonatal sex
 Male 958 (53.1)
 Female 808 (44.8)
 Missing data 38 (2.1)
Multiple birth
 Singleton 1763 (97.7)
 Twin 41 (2.3)
Gestational week of delivery
 Full-term birth 1693 (93.8)
 Premature birth 107 (5.9)
 Missing data 4 (0.3)

Numbers are number (%) unless otherwise specified

ANC Antenatal care, SD Standard deviation, LBW Low birthweight