Table 2.

Association of estimated dietary intakes of fatty acids with endometrial cancer risk in the EPIC cohort

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	p trend†	q trend§
	Reference
Total SFA a
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	13.49 ± 2.79	19.88 ± 1.47	25.01 ± 1.53	31.12 ± 2.11	44.59 ± 9.16
Cases/non-cases (n)	460/59,404	389/59,475	379/59,484	338/59,526	320/59,543
h (95% CI) *	1.00	0.89 (0.77;1.03)	0.91 (0.77;1.06)	0.87 (0.73;1.05)	0.94 (0.75;1.18)	0.45	0.86
Palmitic acid (16:0)
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	7.51 ± 1.45	10.77 ± 0.74	13.30 ± 0.75	16.25 ± 0.99	22.49 ± 4.15
Cases/non-cases (n)	442/59,422	402/59,462	396/59,467	335/59,529	311/59,552
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.95 (0.82;1.10)	0.96 (0.81;1.12)	0.88 (0.73;1.06)	0.90 (0.71;1.14)	0.25	0.86
Stearic acid (18:0)
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	3.10 ± 0.66	4.61 ± 0.34	5.79 ± 0.35	7.20 ± 0.48	10.24 ± 2.12
Cases/non-cases (n)	420/59,444	395/59,469	388/59,475	365/59,499	318/59,594
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.96 (0.82;1.11)	0.91 (0.78; 1.11)	0.91 (0.76;1.09)	0.85 (0.68;1.07)	0.19	0.82
Total cis -MUFA b
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	13.79 ± 2.64	19.86 ± 1.40	24.77 ± 1.48	30.82 ± 2.13	44.61 ± 9.49
Cases/non-cases (n)	437/59,427	404/59,460	403/59,460	359/59,505	283/59,580
h (95% CI)*	1.00	1.02 (0.88;1.18)	1.09 (0.93;1.29)	1.06 (0.87;1.29)	0.99 (0.77;1.28)	0.72	0.96
Oleic acid (18:1n-9)
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	12.72 ± 2.45	18.45 ± 1.33	23.14 ± 1.42	28.96 ± 2.04	42.32 ± 9.26
Cases/non-cases (n)	448/59,417	402/59,461	391/59,472	365/59,499	280/59,583
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.99 (0.86;1.15)	1.04 (0.88;1.23)	1.06 (0.87;1.29)	0.97 (0.75;1.25)	0.74	0.96
Total ruminant trans fatty acids d
Mean Intake ± SD (mg/d)	6.00 ± 3.00	15.00 ± 3.00	29.00 ± 5.00	52.00 ± 8.00	120.00 ± 57.00
Cases/non-cases (n)	493/59,372	362/59,502	386/59,476	330/59,534	315/59,548
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.95 (0.81;1.11)	1.10 (0.93;1.29)	1.02 (0.85;1.22)	1.13 (0.93;1.38)	0.22	0.86
Total industrial trans fatty acids e
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	0.30 ± 0.14	0.73 ± 0.12	1.20 ± 0.15	1.93 ± 0.28	4.19 ± 1.68
Cases/non-cases (n)	358/59,506	356/59,508	369/59,494	391/59,473	412/59,451
h (95% CI)*	1.00	1.12 (0.95;1.32)	1.08 (0.91;1.29)	1.08 (0.90;1.30)	1.05 (0.86;1.27)	0.92	0.98
Elaidic acid (18:1n-9/12)
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	0.27 ± 0.13	0.69 ± 0.12	1.13 ± 0.15	1.85 ± 0.28	4.13 ± 1.68
Cases/non cases (n)	357/59,507	353/59,511	364/59,499	398/59,466	414/59,449
h (95% CI)*	1.00	1.12 (0.95;1.33)	1.09 (0.91;1.31)	1.11 (0.92;1.34)	1.06 (0.87; 1.30)	0.77	0.96
Total cis n-6 PUFA f
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	6.51 ± 1.17	9.21 ± 0.63	11.43 ± 0.67	14.20 ± 0.98	20.76 ± 4.83
Cases/non-cases (n)	468/59,396	360/59,504	360/59,503	389/59,475	309/59,554
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.87 (0.75;1.01)	0.87 (0.74;1.02)	1.01 (0.85;1.20)	0.83 (0.67;1.01)	0.43	0.86
Linoleic acid (18:2n-6)
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	6.48 ± 1.16	9.18 ± 0.63	11.40 ± 0.67	14.15 ± 0.97	20.70 ± 4.80
Cases/non-cases (n)	468/59,396	358/59,506	364/59,499	386/59,478	310/59,553
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.86 (0.75;1.00)	0.88 (0.75;1.03)	1.00 (0.85;1.19)	0.83 (0.68;1.02)	0.46	0.86
γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6)
Mean Intake ± SD (mg/d)	2.48 ± 0.86	4.92 ± 0.66	7.38 ± 0.78	10.91 ± 0.38	21.79 ± 9.58
Cases/non-cases (n)	388/59,495	393/59,454	414/59,461	378/59,474	313/59,548
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.92 (0.80;1.07)	0.97 (0.83;1.13)	0.91 (0.78;1.08)	0.77 (0.64;0.92)	0.01	0.15
Total long-chain n-6 PUFA g
Mean Intake ± SD (mg/d)	8.00 ± 3.00	17.00 ± 2.00	24.00 ± 2.00	34.00 ± 4.00	61.00 ± 24.00
Cases/non-cases (n)	356/59,510	396/59,471	386/59,477	390/59,473	358/59,501
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.94 (0.81;1.10)	0.96 (0.81;1.12)	0.99 (0.84;1.17)	0.93 (0.77;1.11)	0.65	0.96
Total cis n-3 PUFA h
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	0.29 ± 0.08	0.49 ± 0.05	0.67 ± 0.06	0.93 ± 0.10	1.70 ± 0.61
Cases/non-cases (n)	350/59,514	372/59,492	341/59,522	395/59,469	428/59,435
h (95% CI)*	1.00	1.00 (0.85;1.17)	0.91 (0.77;1.08)	0.97 (0.81;1.15)	0.91 (0.75;1.10)	0.33	0.86
α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3)
Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)	0.15 ± 0.05	0.27 ± 0.03	0.38 ± 0.04	0.56 ± 0.07	1.10 ± 0.44
Cases/non-cases (n)	367/59,497	405/59,461	379/59,482	350/59,515	385/59,477
h (95% CI)*	1.00	1.08 (0.93;1.26)	1.05 (0.89;1.23)	0.96 (0.81;1.14)	0.94 (0.78;1.14)	0.27	0.86
Total long-chain n-3 PUFA i
Mean Intake (mg/d)	40.00 ± 21.00	115.00 ± 21.00	198.00 ± 27.00	338.00 ± 61.00	933.00 ± 609.00
Cases/non-cases (n)	333/59,531	320/59,545	363/59,499	401/59,463	469/59,394
h (95% CI)*	1.00	0.91 (0.77;1.07)	0.95 (0.80;1.12)	0.95 (0.80;1.13)	0.95 (0.79;1.15)	0.84	0.96
Ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA
Mean Intake ± SD	7.76 ± 2.29	13.06 ± 1.24	17.47 ± 1.34	23.16 ± 2.07	39.06 ± 28.95
Cases/non-cases (n)	491/59,373	419/59,445	334/59,529	334/59,530	308/59,555
h (95% CI)*	1.00	1.11 (0.96;1.28)	0.96 (0.81;1.13)	1.03 (0.86;1.22)	1.04 (0.86;1.24)	0.98	0.98

HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval

† P or q values < 0.05 are shown in boldface type

§ Value for FDR (False Discovery Rate) correction

* Stratified by study center and age (in one-year categories), andadjusted for BMI (continuous), number of full-term pregnancies (number of live born and/or still born children; 0, 1–2, 3–4; >4; missing), smoking status (never, former, current), oral contraceptive or HRT use (never or ever), menopausal status at enrolment (premenopausal; postmenopausal; perimenopausal/unknown menopause), age at menarche (continuous) and total energy intake (continuous)

^a Total SFA included 4:0, 6:0, 8:0, 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0; ^b Odd chain fatty acids included 15:0, 17:0; ^c Total cis MUFA included 16:1n-7, 16:1n-9, 17:1, 18:1n-5, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 20:1, 22:1, 24:1; ^d Total trans ruminant fatty acids included 18:1n-7t, CLA; ^e Total trans industrial fatty acids included 16:1n-9t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6tt, 18:3n-3ttt; ^f Total n-6 PUFA included 18:2, 18:3, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4; ^g Total long-chain n-6 PUFA included 20:2, 20:3, 20:4; ^h Total n-3 PUFA included 18:3, 20:3, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6; ⁱ Total long-chain n-3 PUFA included 20:3, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6; ^j Total cis-PUFA included total n-6 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA