Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population according to the TyG index quartiles
| Characteristicsa | TyG index | P trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Quartile 1 < 8.31 | Quartile 2 8.31–8.66 | Quartile 3 8.67–9.06 | Quartile 4 ≥ 9.07 | ||
| N | 403,335 | 100,844 | 100,869 | 100,870 | 100,752 | |
| Female | 222,586 (55.2) | 68,827 (68.3) | 60,325 (59.8) | 52,164 (51.7) | 41,270 (41.0) | < 0.001 |
| Age, years | 56.2 (8.1) | 54.0 (8.2) | 56.5 (8.0) | 57.3 (7.8) | 57.2 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
| White ethnicity | 381,880 (94.7) | 94,063 (93.3) | 95,877 (95.0) | 96,200 (95.4) | 95,740 (95.0) | < 0.001 |
| Townsend Deprivation Index | − 1.3 (3.1) | − 1.4 (3.1) | − 1.4 (3.0) | − 1.4 (3.0) | − 1.2 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking | 42,025 (10.4) | 8644 (8.6) | 9782 (9.7) | 10,702 (10.6) | 12,897 (12.8) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity, min/week | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 150 | 184,414 (45.7) | 42,120 (41.8) | 44,954 (44.6) | 47,028 (46.6) | 50,312 (49.9) | |
| ≥ 150 | 218,921 (54.3) | 58,724 (58.2) | 55,915 (55.4) | 53,842 (53.4) | 50,440 (50.1) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 (4.7) | 25.1 (4.0) | 26.7 (4.5) | 28.0 (4.6) | 29.4 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 137.9 (18.6) | 132.1 (18.4) | 137.2 (18.5) | 140.0 (18.2) | 142.3 (17.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 82.5 (10.1) | 79.5 (9.9) | 82.0 (9.9) | 83.5 (9.9) | 84.8 (9.9) | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.2 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.3) | 5.8 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, mmol/mol | 35.9 (6.5) | 34.2 (4.5) | 35.1 (4.7) | 35.9 (5.1) | 38.4 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 91.9 (21.3) | 85.1 (10.0) | 88.8 (10.9) | 91.3 (13.9) | 102.4 (35.3) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 153.9 (90.5) | 73.8 (15.7) | 112.0 (17.1) | 158.4 (26.1) | 271.4 (97.9) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 222.6 (43.2) | 208.6 (37.9) | 220.4 (40.1) | 227.5 (42.4) | 234.1 (47.6) | < 0.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 56.4 (14.7) | 65.2 (15.2) | 59.3 (13.9) | 53.9 (12.3) | 47.4 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 139.4 (33.0) | 125.6 (28.0) | 138.0 (30.4) | 145.4 (32.6) | 148.6 (35.7) | < 0.001 |
| High sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2.6 (4.3) | 1.9 (4.2) | 2.4 (4.4) | 2.8 (4.4) | 3.1 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.81 (0.20) | 0.78 (0.17) | 0.80 (0.18) | 0.82 (0.20) | 0.84 (0.23) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 91.3 (13.2) | 93.7 (12.6) | 91.1 (12.7) | 90.0 (13.1) | 90.3 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
| Aspirin | 42,153 (10.4) | 7779 (7.7) | 9539 (9.5) | 10,910 (10.8) | 13,925 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin | 3702 (0.9) | 610 (0.6) | 450 (0.4) | 654 (0.7) | 1988 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 73,657 (18.3) | 10,886 (10.8) | 16,097 (16.0) | 20,496 (20.3) | 26,178 (26.0) | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication | 55,459 (13.7) | 7907 (7.8) | 11,489 (11.4) | 14,804 (14.7) | 21,259 (21.1) | < 0.001 |
| Retinopathy | 8868 (2.2) | 1753 (1.7) | 2105 (2.1) | 2286 (2.3) | 2724 (2.7) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7956 (2.0) | 1111 (1.0) | 1648 (1.6) | 2263 (2.2) | 2934 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 27,032 (6.7) | 3337 (3.3) | 5414 (5.4) | 7506 (7.4) | 10,775 (10.7) | < 0.001 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1275 (0.3) | 184 (0.2) | 163 (0.2) | 222 (0.2) | 706 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 14,157 (3.5) | 941 (0.9) | 1847 (1.8) | 3262 (3.2) | 8107 (8.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 56,202 (13.9) | 8595 (8.5) | 12,700 (12.6) | 15,657 (15.5) | 19,250 (19.1) | < 0.001 |
TyG, triglyceride-glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
aContinuous variables are expressed as mean (SD). Categorical variables are expressed as frequency (percentage)