Table 2.
Prospective associations between the TyG index and risk of cardiovascular diseases in the UK Biobank
| TyG index | P trend | Per 1 SD increase | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | in Log TyG values | ||
| Median | 8.07 | 8.49 | 8.86 | 9.36 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 2985/816,110 | 4351/807,104 | 5298/802,743 | 7120/796,334 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.48 (1.41–1.55) | 1.81 (1.73–1.89) | 2.45 (2.35–2.56) | < 0.001 | 1.38 (1.36–1.40) |
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.17–1.28) | 1.37 (1.31–1.43) | 1.75 (1.68–1.83) | < 0.001 | 1.24 (1.22–1.26) |
| Model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 1.19 (1.14–1.25) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) |
| Coronary heart disease | ||||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 2338/818,425 | 3537/810,134 | 4429/806,026 | 6100/800,146 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.53 (1.45–1.61) | 1.93 (1.83–2.03) | 2.67 (2.55–2.80) | < 0.001 | 1.42 (1.40–1.44) |
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.20–1.34) | 1.46 (1.39–1.54) | 1.90 (1.81–2.00) | < 0.001 | 1.28 (1.26–1.30) |
| Model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) |
| Stroke | ||||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 734/912,415 | 942/907,589 | 1049/906,568 | 1251/906,701 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.29 (1.17–1.42) | 1.44 (1.31–1.58) | 1.71 (1.56–1.88) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.17–1.24) |
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) |
| Model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.89 | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) |
TyG, triglyceride-glucose; HR, hazard ratio
Model 1: an unadjusted model
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity (White and others), region (England, Scotland, and Wales), and Townsend Deprivation Index
Model 3: further adjusted for current smoking (yes or no), physical activity (< 150 or ≥ 150 min/week), body mass index (kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), total cholesterol (mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), uric acid (mg/dL), glycated hemoglobin (mmol/mol), estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L), aspirin use (yes or no), insulin treatment (yes or no), antihypertensive medication (yes or no), cholesterol-lowering medication (yes or no), prevalent retinopathy (yes or no), and chronic kidney disease (yes or no)