Table 3.
Prospective associations between the TG/HDL-C ratio and risk of cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank
| TG/HDL-C ratio | P trend | Per 1 SD increase | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | in Log TG/HDL-C values | ||
| Median | 1.11 | 1.90 | 3.01 | 5.51 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 2817/811,994 | 4197/807,320 | 5471/803,410 | 7269/799,568 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.50 (1.43–1.57) | 1.96 (1.88–2.06) | 2.62 (2.51–2.74) | < 0.001 | 1.40 (1.38–1.42) |
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.21–1.34) | 1.51 (1.44–1.58) | 1.91 (1.82–1.99) | < 0.001 | 1.27 (1.25–1.29) |
| Model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 1.13 (1.07–1.18) | 1.29 (1.23–1.36) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (1.10–1.13) |
| Coronary heart disease | ||||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 2165/814,334 | 3404/810,261 | 4569/806,749 | 6266/803,386 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.58 (1.50–1.67) | 2.13 (2.03–2.24) | 2.94 (2.80–3.08) | < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.43–1.48) |
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.27–1.41) | 1.63 (1.55–1.72) | 2.11 (2.01–2.22) | < 0.001 | 1.32 (1.30–1.34) |
| Model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | 1.18 (1.11–1.24) | 1.37 (1.30–1.45) | < 0.001 | 1.15 (1.13–1.18) |
| Stroke | ||||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 739/907,452 | 919/907,214 | 1074/907,801 | 1244/910,805 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.24 (1.13–1.37) | 1.45 (1.32–1.60) | 1.68 (1.53–1.84) | < 0.001 | 1.19 (1.16–1.23) |
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 1.14 (1.04–1.26) | 1.29 (1.17–1.41) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) |
| Model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) | 0.34 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
TG/HDL-C, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, hazard ratio
Model 1: an unadjusted model
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity (White and others), region (England, Scotland, and Wales), and Townsend Deprivation Index
Model 3: further adjusted for current smoking (yes or no), physical activity (< 150 or ≥ 150 min/week), body mass index (kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), total cholesterol (mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), uric acid (mg/dL), glycated hemoglobin (mmol/mol), estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L), aspirin use (yes or no), insulin treatment (yes or no), antihypertensive medication (yes or no), cholesterol-lowering medication (yes or no), prevalent retinopathy (yes or no), and chronic kidney disease (yes or no)