Table 2.

Summary of clinical features of the present and published studies associated with ultrasound-guided nusinersen administration

References	Nagano et al. [13]	Zhang et al. [9]	Zanfini et al. [10]	Veiga-Canuto et al. [11]	Snoj et al. [12]	This study
No. of patients	1	3	18	18	14	7
Age, years	21	28 (14–34)	49 (21–66)	16 (7–63)	33 (22–50)	13 (12–19)
Children: adults	0: 1	1: 2	0: 18	10: 8	0: 14	6: 1
SMA subtypes
Type 1	0	0	0	0	0	2
Type 2	1	1	7	14	11	3
Type 3	0	2	11	4	3	2
Spine surgery
Growing rods (No.)	Previously implanted and removed later	–	–	9	–	–
Spinal fusion (No.)	–	–	–	3	10	5
Cobb’s angle: median (range)	60°	(103°–130°)	(30°–> 50°)	53.5° (21°–87°)	54.6° (20°–85°)	45° (10°–87°)
Lumbar spine axial rotation	Severe	NA	Mild-severe	NA	43.2 (10–81)	Mild-severe
No. of successive procedures	3	15	57	91	14	19
Success rate	100%	100%	100%	96.8% in procedures 77.7% in patients	60% in patients	95%
Injection levels	L3–L4, L4–L5	L4–L5, L5–S1	L3–L4, L4–L5	NA	L1–L2, L2–L3, L3–L4	L3–L4, L4–L5, L5–S1
Approach	Parasagittal oblique approach	Parasagittal oblique approach	Parasagittal oblique approach	Parasagittal oblique approach	Transforaminal approach	Near-spinous process approach
Sedation	Sedation with midazolam	No	No	Sedation with midazolam and Ketamine	No	No
Adverse events
Post-puncture headache (°)	No	1	2	3	1	2
Severe adverse events	No	No	No	Acute urinary retention	Inadvertent vein access	No

SMA spinal muscular atrophy