Table 1.

Some environmental impacts of plant proteins fractions used as main matrix for the meat substitution

Product categories	Impact categories	Grains (raw materials)	Flour	Concentrates	Isolates and proteins
Cereals (wheat, oats)	GHGE, kgCO2eq.	0.3-1.01,2	0.51	3.31,2	2.1-8.81,2
	LU, m2a	2.0-5.51,2	2.01	3.21.2	8.6-33.51,2
Legumes (soy, pea, lupin)	GHGE, kgCO2eq.	0.2-0.62	0.7-2.13,*	1.1-2.02 0.7-1.63	1.8-13.01,2 1.8-5.83
	LU, m2	3.02	n/a	8.0-20.82 8.2-11.23	13.3-34.72 5.8-12.63

Note: the values in the table are rounded; GHGE – greenhouse gases emissions; LU – land use; WF- water footprint; NRE – non-renewable energy; 1 - (Heusala et al., 2020a); 2 - (Heusala et al., 2020b); 3 - (Lie-Piang et al., 2021); * - values per 1 kg processed crops.