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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022 Nov 29;19(3):134–150. doi: 10.1038/s41574-022-00773-5

Fig 2. Metabolic pathways support biomass accumulation.

Fig 2.

To meet the metabolic demands of proliferation, cells import nutrients including glucose and glutamine that fuel glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Intermediates of glycolysis and the TCA cycle are important precursors for the synthesis of nucleotides, proteins and lipids. Flux through glycolysis and the TCA cycle generates reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, that are oxidized in the electron transport chain, driving ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation. PPP: Pentose phosphate pathway; SSP: Serine synthesis pathway; FAO: Fatty acid oxidation; OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation.