Table 1.

Study characteristics using PICOS framework (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Study design)

Study	Population (N enrolled)	Psychological condition	Intervention (MBP)	Comparator	Outcome targeted	Outcome of program	Study design	Findings in relation to active components
Britton et al., 2018	104	Depression, clinical and subclinical	MBCT (8 week group)	MBCT, Focused Attention (FA), Open Monitoring (OM)	Mindfulness facets and skills, attention control	• FA>OM increased attentional control (ds= .36–75)	Dismantling	Both FA and OM components contribute to different aspects of cognitive control and mindfulness skill use, but more research is needed on health outcomes.
						• OM>FA increased naming emotions, labeling thoughts, non-reactivity (ds=.33–.60)
Chiesa et al., 2015	50	Depression and unresponsive to antidepressant medication	MBCT (8 week group)	MBCT, Psychoeducation (MBCT – meditation)	Depression and anxiety symptoms, mindfulness facets, quality of life	MBCT> psychoeducation decreased depression (ds= .26–.79), increased mindfulness facets (ds= .25–.64), increased quality of life (ds= .36–.51), MA>MO decreased stress (ds= .27–.38) and NT (ds= .40–.62)	Dismantling	Meditation component is active for depression and quality of life
Chin et al., 2019	137	Stress	MBSR (8 week group)	Monitor + Accept (MA), Monitor Only (MO), No treatment control (NT)	Self- reported stress		Dismantling	Evidence that acceptance skills training is active for stress reduction
Lindsay, Chin et al., 2018 (study 1)	137	Stress	MBSR (8 week group)	Monitor + Accept (MA), Monitor Only (MO), No treatment control (NT)	Momentary and daily affect	• MA>MO, NT increased positive affect (gs= .22–.40, .73–.95)	Dismantling	Acceptance is active for positive affective outcomes, and to a lesser extent, negative affect outcomes
						• MA>NT decreased negative affect (gs= .66)
Lindsay, Chin et al., 2018 (study 2)	153	Stress	Core MBP processes (2 week smartphone program)	Monitor + Accept (MA), Monitor Only (MO), Active coping control	Momentary and daily affect	• MA>MO (gs= .41 – .46), control (gs= .66 – .71) increased positive affect	Dismantling	Acceptance is active for positive affect outcomes
Lindsay et al.,2019	153	Stress	Core MBP processes (2 week smartphone program)	Monitor + Accept (MA), Monitor Only (MO), Active coping control	Daily loneliness and social contact	• MA>MO (d= .46), control (d= .45) decreased loneliness	Dismantling	Acceptance is active for social outcomes
						• MA>MO (ds= .34 –.43), control (ds= .29 – .54) increased social interaction
Lindsay, Young et al., 2018	153	Stress	Core MBP processes (2 week smartphone program)	Monitor + Accept (MA), Monitor Only (MO), Active coping control	Stress reactivity: subjective and cardiovascular	• MA>MO (ds= .40 – .51), control (ds= .47 – .62) lower stress cortisol response	Dismantling	Acceptance is active for stress reactivity
						MA>MO (d= .41), control (ds= .72) lower blood pressure
Valdez et al., 2016	40	Women who experienced assaultive trauma	Core MBP processes (Present moment contact (PMC) laboratory induction)	Non- judgement, control	State affect, trauma intrusions	• Control condition association between PMC and more negative affect, less positive affect	Component comparison	Present moment awareness component may be iatrogenic without concurrent non- judgement
						• Nonjudgment condition association between PMC and fewer trauma intrusions
Williams et al., 2014	274	Remitted depression, at least three prior episodes	MBCT (8 week group)	MBCT, Cognitive psychoeducati on (MBCT – meditation), TAU	Time to relapse to depressive episode	• No main effect of condition on risk of relapse.	Dismantling	Meditation may be active for more clinically vulnerable groups
						• Among those with high childhood trauma, lower risk of relapse to depression for MBCT compared to TAU (hazard ratio= .43)