Table 2.

Risk of bias considerations based on the NIH Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies tool

Study	Randomization method	Treatment allocation concealed	Blinding of patients and providers	Blind assessors	No baseline group difference	Drop-out rate >20%	Drop-out rates between groups, >15%	Treatment protocol adherence	Other treatment avoided or similar	Valid and reliable outcomes measures	Sample size with at least 80% power	Pre-specified outcome analyses	ITT analysis
Britton et al., 2018	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Good	Fair
Chiesa et al., 2015	Good	Good	CD	Good	Good	Good	Good	Poor	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good
Lindsay, Chin et al., 2018, Chin et al., 2019	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good
Lindsay, Chin et al., 2018, Lindsay et al., 2019, Lindsay, Young et al., 2018	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good
Valdez et al., 2016	Good	NR	Good	Good	Good	NA	NA	Good	NA	Good	Poor	Good	Good
Williams et al., 2014	Good	Good	Poor	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good

Note. NR=not reported; CD=could not determine; NA=not applicable