Table 3.
Model-based predictions of two-year progression on clinical measurements.
| Mild-motor predominant (I) | Intermediate (II) | Diffuse-malignant (III) | p-value | Post-hoc | % imputed data | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 201 | 153 | 49 | |||
| Treatment initiation (Y/N) | 8/6 | 3/1 | 2/0 | |||
| Motor symptoms | ||||||
| ΔLEDD | 218.56 (23.27) | 223.13 (25.18) | 278.10 (41.36) | 0.39 | 41.1 | |
| ΔMotor composite | 1.81 (0.36) | 2.59 (0.38) | 3.92 (0.76) | 0.059 | III > I (p = 0.053) | 17.2 |
| ΔMDS-UPDRS-III total | 4.20 (0.83) | 5.58 (0.92) | 8.86 (1.74) | 0.064 | III > I (p = 0.053) | 17.2 |
| ΔBradykinesia | 2.22 (0.47) | 2.79 (0.52) | 4.40 (1.03) | 0.17 | 17.2 | |
| ΔRigidity | 1.17 (0.24) | 1.59 (0.27) | 2.46 (0.49) | 0.057 | III > I (p = 0.049) | 17.2 |
| ΔPIGD | −0.01 (0.12) | 0.32 (0.14) | 0.98 (0.28) | 0.007 |
III > I (p = 0.006) III > II (p = 0.077) |
17.3 |
| ΔResting tremor | 0.50 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.20) | 0.45 (0.34) | 0.89 | 17.2 | |
| ΔAction tremor | −0.28 (0.12) | −0.34 (0.13) | −0.27 (0.23) | 0.85 | 17.2 | |
| ΔMDS-UPDRS-II total | 0.57 (0.31) | 1.19 (0.33) | 2.66 (0.63) | 0.020 |
III > I (p = 0.015) III > II (p = 0.085) |
17.2 |
| ΔROMP | 0.23 (0.19) | 0.64 (0.21) | 0.89 (0.38) | 0.18 | 17.2 | |
| ΔMDS-UPDRS-IV total | 0.64 (0.20) | 1.22 (0.24) | 1.05 (0.40) | 0.17 | 18.2 | |
| Motor symptom subscores relative to total MDS-UPDRS-III | ||||||
| ΔBradykinesia (%) | 0.93 (0.53) | 0.04 (0.64) | −0.48 (1.10) | 0.37 | 17.2 | |
| ΔRigidity (%) | 1.39 (0.66) | 1.67 (0.74) | 1.53 (1.31) | 0.86 | 17.2 | |
| ΔPIGD (%) | −1.84 (0.45) | −1.13 (0.55) | 0.08 (0.95) | 0.17 | 17.2 | |
| ΔResting tremor (%) | 0.10 (0.44) | 0.06 (0.50) | 0.12 (0.93) | 0.91 | 17.2 | |
| ΔAction tremor (%) | −2.58 (0.44) | −2.84 (0.51) | −2.84 (0.89) | 0.83 | 17.2 | |
| ΔOther (%) | 1.53 (0.40) | 1.74 (0.47) | 1.80 (0.81) | 0.85 | 17.2 | |
| Diffusivity of bradykinesia-rigidity symptoms | ||||||
| ΔRight vs. left | −0.05 (0.01) | −0.04 (0.01) | −0.08 (0.02) | 0.25 | 17.2 | |
| ΔArm vs. leg | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.05 (0.01) | −0.07 (0.02) | 0.21 | 17.2 | |
| Non-motor symptoms | ||||||
| ΔMDS-UPDRS-I total | 0.03 (0.35) | 0.67 (0.38) | 2.25 (0.70) | 0.025 |
III > I (p = 0.019) III > II (p = 0.091) |
17.2 |
| ΔMoCA | −0.58 (0.16) | −1.13 (0.18) | −1.64 (0.32) | 0.004 |
I > II (p = 0.055) I > III (p = 0.007) |
19.2 |
| ΔBDI-II | 0.05 (0.32) | 0.56 (0.35) | 1.51 (0.60) | 0.11 | 17.3 | |
| ΔSTAI - Trait | −0.59 (0.47) | −0.71 (0.52) | 0.63 (0.91) | 0.39 | 17.2 | |
| ΔSTAI - State | −1.06 (0.46) | −0.28 (0.52) | 0.97 (0.87) | 0.12 | 17.2 | |
| ΔQUIP | −1.94 (0.63) | 1.50 (0.72) | 0.88 (1.30) | 0.001 | II > I (p = 0.007) | 17.2 |
| ΔPDQ-39 | 0.27 (0.59) | 1.26 (0.62) | 4.18 (1.12) | 0.016 |
III > I (p = 0.011) III > II (p = 0.047) |
18.2 |
| ΔRBDSQ | 0.25 (0.16) | 0.82 (0.18) | 1.17 (0.32) | 0.019 |
II > I (p = 0.066) III > I (p = 0.035) |
17.2 |
| ΔSCOPA-AUT | 1.24 (0.41) | 1.06 (0.45) | 4.02 (0.81) | 0.004 |
III > I (p = 0.01) III > II (p = 0.003) |
17.2 |
| ΔVIPD-Q | 0.81 (0.53) | 1.53 (0.62) | 3.82 (1.19) | 0.078 | III > I (p = 0.061) | 17.3 |
Estimated marginal means (standard errors) of two-year progression. ΔDelta (follow-up – baseline). PIGD Postural instability and gait disturbance, ROMP Radboud Oral Inventory for Parkinson’s Disease, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, BDI Beck’s Depression Index, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, QUIP Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease, PDQ Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire, VIPD-Q Visual Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire.
P-values of significant between-subtype comparisons are listed in bold.