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. 2023 Feb 3;14:1108730. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1108730

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Copyright © 2023 Qian, Chen, Lin, Jiang, He, Ding, Wu, Peng, Wang, Chen, Wang, Ji, Guo and Shan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Allicin mediated pancreatic β cell autophagy through activating AMPK/mTOR pathway in T1DM mice. (A) Western blot gel images of INSULIN and β-ACTIN in each group. (B) The bar graph represents the quantification of gel bands. (C) The mRNA levels of Ins1, Glut2, and Pdx1 in each group by RT-qPCR (n = 3). (D) The western blot gel images of proteins in AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy flux pathway in each group. (E) The bar graphs represent the quantification of gel bands (n = 3). Mean ± SD. ^* p < .05, ^** p < .01, ^*** p < .001 indicate significant differences, and ns > .05 shows no difference.