Skip to main content
. 2023 Jan 17;12:e83172. doi: 10.7554/eLife.83172

Figure 3. The estimated distribution of fitness effects (DFE) for autosomal loss-of-function (LOF) variants in ~160K UK Biobank individuals with sequenced exomes (see 'Materials and methods').

Figure 3.

(A) The DFE of all possible mutational opportunities in genes that do not have a single loss-of-function (LOF) mutation in ~160K UK Biobank individuals. (B) The DFE of segregating LOF variants in ~160K UK Biobank individuals, by allele frequency threshold, compared to the DFE of all possible LOF mutations (black curve). (C) The distribution of the age (in generations) of a strongly selected LOF allele segregating in the population at present, obtained using forward simulations at an autosomal locus under a demographic model for population growth in Europe (see 'Materials and methods'), for a heterozygous selection coefficient of hs = 1%; hs = 10% or hs = 50%. The median value in each case is indicated with a red dashed line.