Table IX.
CBXs regulating malignant phenotype changes in tumors through signal transduction.
| Cancer type | Malignant phenotype changes | Correlated signaling pathway | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| BC | Proliferation; growth | CBX2/mTORC1/DREAM | (222) |
| GC | Proliferation; migration; invasion | CBX2/YAP/β-catenin | (223) |
| Glioma | Proliferation; tumorigenesis; invasion; stemness | CBX2/PI3K/AKT | (224) |
| BC | Proliferation; growth; invasion | CBX2/PI3K/AKT | (73) |
| TSCC | Proliferation | CBX3/p21 | (70) |
| LUAD | Growth; invasion | CBX3/ARHGAP24/RAC1 | (225) |
| LUAD | Proliferation; invasion | CBX4/Wnt/β-catenin | (85) |
| Osteosarcoma | Growth; cell cycle; apoptosis | CBX4/HIF-1α | (108) |
| HCC | Growth | CBX6/S100A9/NF-κB/MAPK | (117) |
| Glioma | Migration | CBX7/YAP/Tafazzin/CTGF/JNK | (226) |
| BC | Tumorigenesis | CBX7/DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin | (227) |
| PAAD | Proliferation; migration; invasion | CBX7/PTEN/AKT | (228) |
| NSCLC | Proliferation; apoptosis; migration; invasion | CBX7/ERK/MAPK | (83) |
| GC | Stemness | CBX7/p16/AKT/NF-κB/miR-21 | (229) |
| GC | Tumorigenesis; migration; metastases | CBX7/p16INK4A | (230) |
| PAAD | Proliferation | HIF-1α/CBX8/IRS1/PI3K/AKT | (100) |
| UBC | Proliferation; cell cycle | CBX8/p53 | (105) |
CBX, chromobox; BC, breast cancer; GC, gastric cancer; TSCC, tongue squamous cell carcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; PAAD, pancreatic adenocarcinoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; UBC, urinary bladder cancer; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; DREAM, dimerisation partner, retinoblastoma link, E2F and MuvB; YAP, Yes-associated protein; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; ARHGAP24, Rho GTPase activating protein 24; RAC1, Rac family small GTPase 1; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; NF-κB, noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; DKK1, Dickkopf-related protein 1; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1.