Figure 3.

Effects of Nef on GFAP protein expression in human primary astrocytes in the context of HIV infection. Human primary fetal astrocytes (HPA) were infected with VSVG/GAGi and GAGi.Nef-. The cells were cultured for 48 hr, the GFP+ cells were estimated under a fluorescence microscope and expressed as a ratio to the total number of cells (A); or the cells were harvested for cell lysates and Western blotting against an anti-GFAP, Nef, or β-actin antibody (B). GFAP expression was quantitated, normalized to β-actin, and expressed as the relative values to the control (rel.) (C). The data were Mean ± SEM and representative of three independent experiments (n=3).