Effects of Nef expression on expression of transcription factors in astrocytes. U373 were infected with VSVG/GAGi and GAGi.Nef-, cultured for 48 hr, and harvested for subcellular fractionations into cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts, as verified by Western blotting against an anti-Histone 3 (H3) antibody as a marker of nuclear extract, or against an anti-GAPDH antibody as a marker of cytoplasmic extract (A), followed by the transcription factor profiling array using the nuclear extracts, differed in expression by the heat map (B) and identification of eight transcription factors with changes of 1.5-fold or higher (three being down-regulated (open bar, C), or five being up-regulated (closed bar, C).