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Effects of Nef expression on glutamate release from astrocytes. U373 (A & C) or human primary fetal astrocytes (B & D) were transfected with pC3 or Nef (A & B), or infected with VSVG/GAGi and GAGi.Nef- (C & D). The cells were cultured for 24 hr after changing the media and the glutamate level in the culture media was measured using an absorbance assay and normalized with protein concentration. The data were Mean ± SEM and representative of three independent experiments (n=3).
