Table 2.
Pre-to-post Diwali ambient air quality values observed at different locations in 2021
| Parameters | Day | S1, traffic | S2, residential | S3, control | Mean | STD | Max | Min |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM10 (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 121.5 | 62.5 | 38.6 | 74.2 | 34.8 | 121.5 | 38.6 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 112.9 | 49.8 | 36.9 | 66.5 | 33.2 | 112.9 | 36.9 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 468.9 | 358.6 | 312.6 | 380.0 | 65.6 | 468.9 | 312.6 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 168.9 | 123.5 | 98.6 | 130.3 | 29.1 | 168.9 | 98.6 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 109.6 | 75.3 | 42.6 | 75.8 | 27.4 | 109.6 | 42.6 | |
| PM2.5 (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 75.6 | 43.9 | 24.6 | 48.0 | 21.0 | 75.6 | 24.6 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 69.8 | 31.5 | 21.4 | 40.9 | 20.8 | 69.8 | 21.4 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 263.6 | 126.9 | 156.2 | 182.2 | 58.8 | 263.6 | 126.9 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 89.3 | 68.6 | 56.9 | 71.6 | 13.4 | 89.3 | 56.9 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 69.4 | 35.6 | 26.9 | 44.0 | 18.3 | 69.4 | 26.9 | |
| SPM (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 201.3 | 109.6 | 65.3 | 125.4 | 56.6 | 201.3 | 65.3 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 235.8 | 125.6 | 96.8 | 152.7 | 59.9 | 235.8 | 96.8 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 498.3 | 385.6 | 326.9 | 403.6 | 71.1 | 498.3 | 326.9 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 265.6 | 234.8 | 126.9 | 209.1 | 59.5 | 265.6 | 126.9 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 189.8 | 125.3 | 115.8 | 143.6 | 32.9 | 189.8 | 115.8 | |
| SO2 (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 56.9 | 38.9 | 12.6 | 36.1 | 18.2 | 56.9 | 12.6 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 63.5 | 42.8 | 11.6 | 39.3 | 21.3 | 63.5 | 11.6 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 135.9 | 126.8 | 102.6 | 121.8 | 14.1 | 135.9 | 102.6 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 89.6 | 56.2 | 35.6 | 60.5 | 22.3 | 89.6 | 35.6 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 48.9 | 41.3 | 46.8 | 45.7 | 3.2 | 48.9 | 41.3 | |
| NO2 (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 48.6 | 29.6 | 21.3 | 33.2 | 11.4 | 48.6 | 21.3 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 42.6 | 36.9 | 25.6 | 35.0 | 7.1 | 42.6 | 25.6 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 96.8 | 112.6 | 96.8 | 102.1 | 7.4 | 112.6 | 96.8 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 92.3 | 86.9 | 68.3 | 82.5 | 10.3 | 92.3 | 68.3 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 52.6 | 48.6 | 56.7 | 52.6 | 3.3 | 56.7 | 48.6 | |
| NH3 (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 36.3 | 30.6 | 28.9 | 31.9 | 3.2 | 36.3 | 28.9 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 23.7 | 21.5 | 19.8 | 21.7 | 1.6 | 23.7 | 19.8 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 96.3 | 78.5 | 70.3 | 81.7 | 10.9 | 96.3 | 70.3 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 57.9 | 48.2 | 36.9 | 47.7 | 8.6 | 57.9 | 36.9 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 46.7 | 31.6 | 30.8 | 36.4 | 7.3 | 46.7 | 30.8 | |
| O3 (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 40.3 | 35.8 | 20.4 | 32.2 | 8.5 | 40.3 | 20.4 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 36.5 | 28.9 | 15.6 | 27.0 | 8.6 | 36.5 | 15.6 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 23.1 | 26.9 | 18.6 | 22.9 | 3.4 | 26.9 | 18.6 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 56.3 | 38.1 | 26.4 | 40.3 | 12.3 | 56.3 | 26.4 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 20.5 | 19.2 | 15.6 | 18.4 | 2.1 | 20.5 | 15.6 | |
| C6H6 (µg/m3) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 0.45 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 0.61 | 3.11 | 0.92 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 0.6 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 1.83 | 0.65 | 1.45 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.7 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | n/d | 2.43 | 0.05 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 0.1 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 1.14 | 0.03 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | |
| CO (ppm) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | n | n | 7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | n | n | 10 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | n | n | 4.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | n | n | 8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | n | n | 6.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| CO2 (ppm) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | n | n | 245 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | n | n | 375 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | n | n | 373 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | n | n | 315 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | n | n | 326 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Noise (day) dB (A) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 56.5 | 36 | 43.2 | 45.2 | 8.5 | 56.5 | 36.0 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 62.5 | 42.5 | 36.2 | 47.1 | 11.2 | 62.5 | 36.2 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 60.3 | 43.2 | 36.3 | 46.6 | 10.1 | 60.3 | 36.3 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 63.2 | 50.8 | 36.7 | 50.2 | 10.8 | 63.2 | 36.7 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 61.2 | 41.2 | 31.9 | 44.8 | 12.2 | 61.2 | 31.9 | |
| Noise (night) dB (A) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 62.3 | 45 | 55.3 | 54.2 | 7.1 | 62.3 | 45.0 |
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 60.3 | 50.5 | 40.3 | 50.4 | 8.2 | 60.3 | 40.3 | |
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 69.7 | 50.5 | 57.5 | 59.2 | 7.9 | 69.7 | 50.5 | |
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 68.9 | 56.3 | 42.5 | 55.9 | 10.8 | 68.9 | 42.5 | |
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 65.7 | 55.7 | 43.7 | 55.0 | 9.0 | 65.7 | 43.7 | |
| AT (°C) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 28.8 | ||||||
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 28.4 | |||||||
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 27.7 | |||||||
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 28.5 | |||||||
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 28.5 | |||||||
| RH (%) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 43 | ||||||
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 43 | |||||||
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 51 | |||||||
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 60 | |||||||
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 60 | |||||||
| WS (mph) | Day 1 (pre-Diwali) | 2 | ||||||
| Day 2 (pre-Diwali) | 3 | |||||||
| Day 3 (Diwali) | 4 | |||||||
| Day 4 (post-Diwali) | 4.6 | |||||||
| Day 5 (post-Diwali) | 2.7 |
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (ng/m3) is not detected in PM10 filter paper
Daily average values are considered for RH and WS. Concentrations of parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SPM, SO2, NO2, and C6H6 are considered for 24 h, whereas NH3 and O3 are considered for 1 h. Noise, the average values were considered
n/d not detected, n/a not applicable, n not done, AT average temperature, RH relative humidity, WS wind speed