Table 2.
Effects of physostigmine on β2*-nAChR availability ((-)-[18F]flubatine VT) in people who never smoked and people who recently stopped smoking.
| People who never smoked (n = 21) | People who recently stopped smoking (n = 15) | Two-sample tests (p values) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ‘pre’ VT (mL/cm3) | ‘post’ VT (mL/cm3) | %ΔVT (%) | ‘pre’ VT (mL/cm3) | ‘post’ VT (mL/cm3) | %ΔVT (%) | NS: ‘pre’ vs. ‘post’a | AS: ‘pre’ vs. ‘post’a | %ΔVT: NS vs. ASb | |
| caudate | 10.0 ± 1.1 | 10.0 ± 1.3 | 0.2 ± 8.1 | 9.9 ± 1.5 | 9.7 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 7.8 | 0.964 | 0.489 | 0.511 |
| frontal cortex | 10.1 ± 1.0 | 9.5 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 6.5 | 10.1 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 1.4 | 4.3 ± 8.4 | ***0.000 | 0.068 | 0.522 |
| hippocampus | 9.7 ± 0.7 | 9.8 ± 0.9 | –1.1 ± 7.3 | 9.3 ± 1.2 | 9.3 ± 1.2 | –0.5 ± 9.2 | 0.732 | 0.964 | 0.831 |
| insula | 9.7 ± 0.8 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 7.0 | 9.5 ± 1.1 | 9.2 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 8.3 | 0.278 | 0.235 | 0.690 |
| occipital cortex | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 8.6 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 6.8 | 9.6 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 7.9 | *0.012 | *0.021 | 0.374 |
| parietal cortex | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 8.8 ± 1.0 | 6.0 ± 6.5 | 9.8 ± 1.8 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 6.9 ± 8.9 | **0.007 | *0.038 | 0.899 |
| putamen | 10.7 ± 0.8 | 10.7 ± 1.1 | 0.1 ± 7.0 | 10.6 ± 1.2 | 10.6 ± 1.4 | 0.2 ± 10.6 | 0.964 | 0.964 | 0.974 |
| temporal cortex | 9.1 ± 0.8 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 6.0 | 9.4 ± 1.3 | 8.9 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 7.7 | **0.007 | 0.076 | 0.892 |
(-)-[18F]Flubatine VT estimates pre- and post-physostigmine, as well as physostigmine-induced percent change in (-)-[18F]flubatine VT estimates (%ΔVT), per region labelled in the left column are presented as group mean ± one standard deviation for people who never smoked and people who recently stopped smoking. n: sample size.
aFDR-corrected p value results (except in a priori ROI frontal cortex, uncorrected) from two-sample tests described in subheadings are presented.
bUncorrected p value results are presented. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001.