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. 2022 Dec 8;128(4):691–701. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-02074-0

Fig. 2. MitoROS elevation induced cellular apoptosis in MDS and AML.

Fig. 2

a Combination treatment with DAC and ATRA markedly elevated the mitoROS level compared with DAC alone (P < 0.05). MDS-L and MOLM-13 cells were treated with DAC (0.8 and 1.5 μM, respectively) or ATRA (4 and 2 μM, respectively), or both drugs in combination. Primary cells of MDS and AML were treated with DAC (1 μM) or ATRA (1 μM) alone, or both drugs in combination. After exposure for 48 h, mitoROS levels were measured by MitoSOX Red staining. b Pre-treatment with NAC of MDS and AML cells reversed the apoptosis induced by DAC alone and the combined DAC and ATRA treatment (P < 0.05). MDS-L and MOLM-13 cells were pre-treated with 2.5 mM NAC for 2 h and subsequently treated with DAC, alone or combined with ATRA, at the indicated concentrations for 48 h. Apoptosis measurements are shown (n = 3). NAC N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, ROS reactive oxygen species.