Table 1.
Characteristics of 3434 post-menopausal women diagnosed with invasive cancers in the WHI-DM and OS by quartiles of E-DII score from diet plus supplements.
| Most anti-inflammatory | Most pro-inflammatory | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-DII Quartile 1 (−7.001, −4.434) | E-DII Quartile 2 (−4.433, −3.420) | E-DII Quartile 3 (−3.419, −1.897) | E-DII Quartile 4 (−1.896, 3.790) | |
| No. of subjects | 859 | 858 | 858 | 859 |
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | |
| Age at cancer diagnosis (years) | 65.78 (0.24) | 66.85 (0.23) | 66.76 (0.23) | 66.75 (0.24) |
| Years from cancer diagnosis to FFQ | 1.48 (0.03) | 1.46 (0.03) | 1.41 (0.04) | 1.40 (0.04) |
| Total energy intake after cancer diagnosis (kcal/day) | 1371.13 (14.99) | 1488.08 (17.25) | 1604.16 (19.60) | 1676.72 (23.14) |
| Physical activity at enrolment (MET-hours/week) | 15.37 (0.49) | 12.74 (0.44) | 10.85 (0.42) | 9.48 (0.42) |
| N (%)a | N (%)a | N (%)a | N (%)a | |
| WHI components | ||||
| WHI OS | 460 (53.55) | 411 (47.90) | 375 (43.71) | 330 (38.42) |
| WHI DM-intervention | 210 (24.45) | 212 (24.71) | 159 (18.53) | 131 (15.25) |
| WHI DM-control | 189 (22.00) | 235 (27.39) | 324 (37.76) | 398 (46.33) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White non-Hispanic | 774 (90.10) | 781 (91.03) | 757 (88.23) | 727 (84.63) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 14 (1.63) | 17 (1.98) | 17 (1.98) | 24 (2.79) |
| Black/African American | 35 (4.07) | 36 (4.20) | 52 (6.06) | 80 (9.31) |
| Other | 36 (4.19) | 24 (2.80) | 32 (3.73) | 28 (3.26) |
| Educational level | ||||
| High school or below | 174 (20.26) | 223 (25.99) | 227 (26.46) | 306 (35.62) |
| Some college | 243 (28.29) | 222 (25.87) | 257 (29.95) | 259 (30.15) |
| College | 113 (13.15) | 111 (12.94) | 114 (13.29) | 90 (10.48) |
| Postgraduate | 329 (38.30) | 302 (35.20) | 260 (30.30) | 204 (23.75) |
| Family income level | ||||
| <20,000 | 91 (10.59) | 98 (11.42) | 133 (15.50) | 153 (17.81) |
| 20,000–49,999 | 343 (39.93) | 407 (47.44) | 387 (45.10) | 421 (49.01) |
| ≥50,000 | 425 (49.48) | 353 (41.14) | 338 (39.39) | 285 (33.18) |
| Cancer stage | ||||
| Localised | 618 (71.94) | 593 (69.11) | 562 (65.50) | 547 (63.68) |
| Regional | 174 (20.26) | 187 (21.79) | 221 (25.76) | 210 (24.45) |
| Distant | 67 (7.80) | 78 (9.09) | 75 (8.74) | 102 (11.87) |
| Cancer grade | ||||
| Well differentiated | 162 (18.86) | 184 (21.45) | 151 (17.60) | 130 (15.13) |
| Moderately differentiated | 315 (36.67) | 272 (31.70) | 317 (36.95) | 301 (35.04) |
| Poorly differentiated | 161 (18.74) | 175 (20.40) | 148 (17.25) | 184 (21.42) |
| Anaplastic | 34 (3.96) | 27 (3.15) | 39 (4.55) | 28 (3.26) |
| T cell or B cell | 23 (2.68) | 22 (2.56) | 29 (3.38) | 33 (3.84) |
| Unknown/not done | 164 (19.09) | 178 (20.75) | 174 (20.28) | 183 (21.30) |
| Smoking status at enrolment | ||||
| Never smoked | 392 (45.63) | 439 (51.17) | 399 (46.50) | 410 (47.73) |
| Past smoker | 419 (48.78) | 379 (44.17) | 413 (48.14) | 376 (43.77) |
| Current smoker | 48 (5.59) | 40 (4.66) | 46 (5.36) | 73 (8.50) |
| BMI status at enrolment (kg/m2) | ||||
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 8 (0.93) | 3 (0.35) | 7 (0.82) | 3 (0.35) |
| Normal weight (18.5≤BMI < 25) | 355 (41.33) | 309 (36.01) | 246 (28.67) | 200 (23.28) |
| Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 293 (34.11) | 291 (33.92) | 300 (34.97) | 284 (33.06) |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 203 (23.63) | 255 (29.72) | 305 (35.55) | 372 (43.31) |
BMI body mass index, DM dietary modification, E-DII energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index, FFQ food frequency questionnaire, OS observational study, SE standard error, WHI Women’s Health Initiative.
aThe sum of percentages in certain E-DII quartile for some categorical variables may not add up to 100% because of rounding.