Table 3.

Code structures

Themes	Sub-themes	Code Unites
Facilitators to the intervention implementation	● Perceived benefits on children and parents	● Benefits on children’s health, mainly on sleep and appetite ● Benefits on children’s emption ● Benefits on children’s learning abilities ● Benefits on parents’ moods ● Benefits on parent–child relationship
	● Acceptability of children and parents	● Parents’ acceptability (e.g., safety, convenience, feasible home setting, economic issues) ● Children’s acceptability (e.g., enjoy massage, intimacy with parents)
	● Professional supports	● TCM PI, training course, comprehensive guidance, teaching videos and books, regular information sharing
	● Parents’ expectations on long-term effects of the intervention	● Parents’ expectations on improving children’s ADHD symptoms and constitutes in a long term via the intervention
Barriers to the intervention implementation	● Limited benefits on children’s inattention symptoms	● Slow and inconspicuous effects on children’s inattention symptom
	● Manipulation management difficulties	● Parents’ uncertainties of the manipulation techniques (e.g., strength, prescription) ● Delayed onset effects of pediatric tuina conducted by parents
	● Limitations of TCM pattern identification	● Limitations of online TCM PI (e.g., inspection might be inaccurate; palpation was not available)

TCM traditional Chinese medicine, PI pattern identification, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder