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. 2023 Feb 18;172:103066. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103066

Table 2.

Lower and upper threshold for permissible outsourcing share.

Outsourcing Lower threshold Upper threshold
w/ crowdsourced fleet 16.7 % 35.2 %
w/ collection-points 60.0 % 83.6 %
w/ logistics service provider 59.5 % 82.0 %