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. 2023 Feb 18;15(3):731–750. doi: 10.1007/s12571-023-01344-w

Table 4.

Impacts of home-gardening participation on food and nutrition security by land sizes

Land size (ha) Food and nutrition Security indicator Mean outcome of HG participants Mean outcome of counterfactual (Non-participants) ATT/Std. Err.
No land 53.438 (0.267) 51.488 (0.268) 1.950***(0.045)
0–0.1 FCS 41.553(0.145) 39.353(0.140) 2.199***(0.042)
0.1–0.19 44.524(0.139) 42.856(0.135) 1.668***(0.042)
0.2–0.49 46.222(0.121) 44.879(0.118) 1.342***(0.037)
0.5–0.99 49.799(0.134) 46.563(0.132) 3.236***(0.038)
1.0–1.99 54.051(0.179) 51.321(0.176) 2.729***(0.049)
2–5 62.587(0.364) 61.668(0.361) 0.919***(0.083)
No Land 5.637***(0.020) 5.409***(0.021) 0.229***(0.004)
0–0.1 DDS 4.800(0.013) 4.439(0.013) 0.359***(0.04)
0.1–0.19 4.985(0.012) 4.742(0.013) 0.243***(0.013)
0.2–0.49 a 5.064(0.011) 4.880(0.011) 0.184***(0.003)
0.5–0.99 5.363(0.011) 5.028(0.012) 0.335***(0.003)
1.0–1.99 5.716(0.015) 5.384(0.016) 0.332***(0.005)
2–5 6.036(0.029) 5.959(0.031) 0.077***(0.008)
No land  − 1.489 (0.011)  − 1.68 (0.009) 0.197***(0.006)
0–0.1 HAZ  − 1.742(0.006)  − 1.936(0.006) 0.194***(0.004)
0.1–0.19  − 1.794(0.006)  − 1.868(0.006) 0.074***(0.004)
0.2–0.49  − 1.797(0.005)  − 1.773(0.005)  − 0.024***(0.004)
0.5–0.99  − 1.648(0.006)  − 1.759(0.005) 0.11***(0.004)
1.0–1.99  − 1.578(0.008)  − 1.455(0.007)  − 0.123***(0.005)
2–5  − 1.124(0.013)  − 1.184(0.013) 0.059***(0.009)
No Land 23.510(0.019) 23.409(0.025) 0.101***(0.016)
0–0.1 WBMI 22.527(0.015) 22.032(0.014) 0.495***(0.011)
0.1–0.19 22.585(0.014) 21.945(0.013) 0.640***(0.011)
0.2–0.49 22.451(0.013) 21.892(0.012) 0.559***(0.009)
0.5–0.99 22.426(0.014) 22.249(0.013) 0.177***(0.011)
1.0–1.99 22.410(0.018) 22.879(0.017)  − 0.469***(0.014)
2–5 23.258(0.034) 23.175(0.028) 0.084***(0.024)
No Land 0.493(0.002) 0.501(0.002)  − 0.008***(0.001)
0–0.1 FES 0.512 (0.002) 0.550 (0.001)  − 0.037***(0.003)
0.1–0.19 0.493(0.001) 0.500(0.001)  − 0.037***(0.001)
0.2–0.49 0.460(0.001) 0.490(0.001)  − 0.030***(0.006)
0.5–0.99 0.413(0.001) 0.415(0.001)  − 0.002***(0.001)
1.0–1.99 0.359(0.002) 0.373(0.002)  − 0.014***(0.001)
2–5 0.276(0.003) 0.301(0.003)  − 0.025***(0.001)

***p < 0.01