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. 2023 Feb 18;15(3):731–750. doi: 10.1007/s12571-023-01344-w

Table 9.

Falsification Tests for validity of identifying Instruments in the ESR model estimation

Instrument Garden DDS CDDS FCS BMI HAZ FES
Mean_age 2.721*** (0.089) 0.019 (0.071) .038 (0.053) 0.837) (0.867) 0–.113 (0.244) 0.109 (0.105)  − .005 (0.012)
Mean_garden 2.672*** (0.092) 0.127 (0.071) 0.027 (0.051) 0.329) (0.858) 0.199 (0.284) 0–.095 (0.096) .023 (0.011)
Cooperative 0.189*** (0.023) 0.610 (0.332) 5.270* (2.470) 0.641 (0.421) 0.413** (0.169) .002 (0.007)  − .001 (0.001)
Constant  − 3.299*** (0.126) 19.948** (8.861) 6.768 (11.900) 892.56*** (142.063)  − 401.76*** ( 88.57)  − 4.843 (15.781) 2.65 (1.939)
Wald tests on instrument χ2 = 5927.28*** (0.000) F = 2.59 (0.0748) F = 1.77 (0.1706) F = 2.30 (0.1001) F = 2.21 0.084)

1.41

(0.211)

F = 1.65 (0.066)

*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01