Table 2. Parameters values of the COVID-19 model (1) fitted to United Kingdom cumulative number of cases before lock down.

The data are obtained from Johns Hopkins website (Dong, Du & Gardner, 2020).

Parameter	Description	Value	References
$\beta$	Infection rate	0.7566	Fitted
${\eta }_A$	Asymptomatic infection rate modification parameter	0.4352	Assumed
${\eta }_Q$	Quarantined infection rate modification parameter	0.135	Assumed
${\eta }_H$	Hospitalized infection rate modification parameter	0.3725	Fitted
$q$	Proportion developing asymptomatic infections	0.6	Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2020b)
$\sigma$	Disease progression rate	0.60	Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2020b)
${\gamma }_I$	Recovery rates of symptomatic	0.10	Agusto et al. (2022)
${\gamma }_A$	Recovery rates of asymptomatic	0.13978	Agusto et al. (2022)
${\gamma }_Q$	Recovery rates of quarantined	0.1	Agusto et al. (2022)
${\gamma }_H$	Recovery rates of hospitalized	0.0526	Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2020b)
${\omega }_Q$	Quarantine rate	0.5679	Fitted
${\omega }_H$	Hospitalization rate	0.5180	Fitted
${\nu }_Q$	Quarantine violation rate	0.4638	Fitted
${\nu }_H$	Hospital discharge rate	0.1282	Fitted
${\delta }_I$	Death rate of symptomatic	0.0009	UK Health Security Agency (2022)
${\delta }_A$	Death rate of asymptomatic	0.00054	UK Health Security Agency (2022)
${\delta }_Q$	Death rate of quarantined	0.0009	UK Health Security Agency (2022)
${\delta }_H$	Death rate of hospitalized	0.0018	UK Health Security Agency (2022)