Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis on the associations between timing of MVPA and mortality risk by using different cutoffs for timing group assignmenta
| Outcomes | Cutoff = 55% HR (95% CI); Pb | Cutoff = 60% HR (95% CI); Pb | Cutoff = 65% HR (95% CI); Pb | Cutoff = 70% HR (95% CI); Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| Morning | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Midday-afternoon | 0.86 (0.77–0.95); 0.003a | 0.84 (0.75–0.95); 0.004a | 0.80 (0.70–0.90); 4.6e-4a | 0.82 (0.71–0.95); 0.01a |
| Evening | 0.95 (0.80–1.13); 0.58 | 0.90 (0.74–1.09); 0.28 | 0.95 (0.76–1.18); 0.62 | 1.02 (0.80–1.31); 0.87 |
| Mixed | 0.82 (0.74–0.91); 1.5e-4a | 0.80 (0.72–0.89); 6.9e-5a | 0.74 (0.66–0.83); 6.2e-7a | 0.75 (0.66–0.86); 2.6e-5a |
| CVD mortality | ||||
| Morning | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Midday-afternoon | 0.72 (0.61–0.85); 8.3e-5a | 0.71 (0.59–0.86); 2.9e-4a | 0.66 (0.54–0.81); 6.5e-5a | 0.70 (0.55–0.89); 0.004a |
| Evening | 0.87 (0.66–1.14); 0.32 | 0.81 (0.59–1.11); 0.19 | 0.86 (0.60–1.22); 0.39 | 0.93 (0.62–1.40); 0.72 |
| Mixed | 0.67 (0.57–0.80); 3.9e-6a | 0.67 (0.56–0.80); 5.0e-6a | 0.62 (0.52–0.74); 2.4e-7a | 0.68 (0.55–0.83); 2.4e–4a |
| Cancer mortality | ||||
| Morning | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Midday-afternoon | 0.95 (0.82–1.09); 0.43 | 0.99 (0.84–1.15); 0.86 | 0.87 (0.74–1.04); 0.13 | 0.88 (0.72–1.08); 0.22 |
| Evening | 1.04 (0.83–1.30); 0.72 | 1.06 (0.82–1.37); 0.65 | 1.04 (0.78–1.39); 0.77 | 1.04 (0.75–1.46); 0.80 |
| Mixed | 0.93 (0.81–1.07); 0.32 | 0.95 (0.82–1.11); 0.54 | 0.83 (0.71–0.97); 0.02 | 0.81 (0.68–0.97); 0.02 |
Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the associations, which were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, recruitment center, education level, the season of accelerometer wear, healthy diet score, smoking status, alcohol intake, sleep duration (<7, 7–8, >8 h), sleep midpoint, and total MVPA volume (Model 3).
CVD cardiovascular disease, HR hazard ratio, MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity.
aWe did not conduct sensitivity analyses by using the cutoffs of greater than 70% due to the small sample size for timing groups (other than mixed groups) by doing that.
bP values remained significant after multiple testing with the FDR method.