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. 2023 Feb 14;18:743–763. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S394377

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© 2023 Wang et al.

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(A) Concentration-dependent cell viability of GL261 cells after treatment with NRA@DH Gel and (B) empty DH Gel. (C) Concentration of GSH/GSSG after different treatments in GL261 cells. (D) The concentration of GSH after treatment with different concentrations of NRA QDs in GL261 cells. (E) Fluorescence intensity of ROS after different treatments in GL261 cells. (F) Digital images of colony formation after treatment with PBS and NRA@DH Gel under 0, 2, 4, and 6 Gy radiation. (G) Colony formation curves of GL261 cells treated with PBS and NRA@DH Gel under 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy radiation. (H) Specific nuclear targeting effect of NRA@DH Gel on GL261 cells observed by CLSM. Cell nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue and fluorescent NRA@DH Gel is shown in red. (I) Apoptosis and necrosis in response to different treatments as measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining detected by FCM. (J) Changes in ΔΨm using JC-1 dye as detected by FCM following different treatments. (K) In vitro metastatic activity of GL261 cells determined by transwell migration assay in response to different treatments.