Table 3.
Estimated Odds Ratios of Dementia for Non-married Respondents Only, HRS 2000–2018
| Contemporaneous living alone | Cumulative living alone | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | |
| Level 1 | ||||||
| Living alone | 0.817 | 1.414 | 0.651** | 1.122*** | 1.192*** | 1.090*** |
| (0.660, 1.011) | (0.931, 2.149) | (0.508, 0.835) | (1.074, 1.172) | (1.083, 1.312) | (1.043, 1.139) | |
| Age | 1.130*** | 1.132*** | 1.131*** | 1.125*** | 1.129*** | 1.125*** |
| (1.112, 1.148) | (1.098, 1.168) | (1.109, 1.153) | (1.107, 1.143) | (1.096, 1.163) | (1.103, 1.146) | |
| Family size | 0.971 | 0.995 | 0.960* | 0.980 | 1.003 | 0.970 |
| (number of children + number of siblings) | (0.939, 1.003) | (0.934, 1.060) | (0.924, 0.997) | (0.948, 1.013) | (0.941, 1.068) | (0.935, 1.007) |
| Log of household income | 0.806*** | 0.721*** | 0.843*** | 0.802*** | 0.727*** | 0.834*** |
| (0.760, 0.854) | (0.635, 0.820) | (0.793, 0.896) | (0.757, 0.851) | (0.637, 0.828) | (0.785, 0.886) | |
| Log of household wealth | 1.324*** | 1.005 | 1.503*** | 1.135 | 0.922 | 1.252** |
| (1.143, 1.535) | (0.742, 1.361) | (1.273, 1.774) | (0.975, 1.322) | (0.673, 1.263) | (1.057, 1.483) | |
| Activities of daily living | 1.126 | 1.176 | 1.116 | 1.102 | 1.181 | 1.083 |
| (0–5) | (0.993, 1.278) | (0.917, 1.509) | (0.965, 1.290) | (0.970, 1.252) | (0.916, 1.522) | (0.935, 1.253) |
| Cerebrovascular disease burden | 1.127* | 1.195 | 1.110 | 1.115 | 1.171 | 1.096 |
| (0–4) | (1.002, 1.268) | (0.906, 1.577) | (0.994, 1.239) | (0.991, 1.253) | (0.892, 1.536) | (0.982, 1.224) |
| Social engagement | 0.706*** | 0.836 | 0.649*** | 0.698*** | 0.832 | 0.637*** |
| (0–3) | (0.616, 0.809) | (0.631, 1.107) | (0.559, 0.754) | (0.610, 0.799) | (0.632, 1.096) | (0.548, 0.741) |
| Perceived social support | 1.091 | 0.992 | 1.141 | 1.112 | 0.991 | 1.175 |
| (0.899, 1.324) | (0.670, 1.468) | (0.922, 1.413) | (0.915, 1.351) | (0.663, 1.482) | (0.949, 1.456) | |
| Level 2 | ||||||
| Female (=1) | 0.676** | 0.661** | ||||
| (0.529, 0.862) | (0.516, 0.845) | |||||
| Education | 0.270*** | 0.216*** | 0.295*** | 0.261*** | 0.201*** | 0.296*** |
| (1 if years of education ≥12) | (0.213, 0.342) | (0.130, 0.359) | (0.230, 0.379) | (0.205, 0.332) | (0.120, 0.337) | (0.230, 0.380) |
| NH White (=1) | 0.294*** | 0.356*** | 0.275*** | 0.289*** | 0.371** | 0.258*** |
| (0.227, 0.381) | (0.201, 0.629) | (0.209, 0.362) | (0.222, 0.376) | (0.207, 0.666) | (0.195, 0.342) | |
| Ever interviewed with proxy | 2.359*** | 2.753*** | 2.217*** | 2.664*** | 3.316*** | 2.378*** |
| (1.795, 3.101) | (1.623, 4.669) | (1.605, 3.062) | (2.009, 3.534) | (1.939, 5.671) | (1.708, 3.311) | |
| Foreign-born (=1) | 0.673* | 0.558 | 0.743 | 0.721 | 0.599 | 0.785 |
| (0.478, 0.948) | (0.280, 1.113) | (0.501, 1.102) | (0.509, 1.021) | (0.294, 1.218) | (0.529, 1.165) | |
| Constant | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** |
| (0.000, 0.000) | (0.000, 0.006) | (0.000, 0.000) | (0.000, 0.000) | (0.000, 0.020) | (0.000, 0.000) | |
| Variance of intercept | 3.644*** | 5.020*** | 3.129*** | 3.853*** | 5.389*** | 3.212*** |
| Person-waves | 32,104 | 8,306 | 23,798 | 32,104 | 8,306 | 23,798 |
| Number of persons | 8,992 | 2,607 | 6,385 | 8,992 | 2,607 | 6,385 |
Notes: HRS = Health and Retirement Study. 95% confidence intervals are given in parentheses.
***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05.